Table 1.
Characteristic | Metronidazole -only (n=207) |
Vancomycin- only (n=355) |
P-valuea | Combination (n=199)b |
Other (n=72)c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 58 (37,69) | 62 (48,72) | <0.01 | 66 (54,77) | 61 (51,70) |
Female, N (%) | 144 (69.6) | 228 (64.2) | 0.20 | 118 (59.3) | 47 (65.3) |
Race, N (%) | <0.01 | ||||
White | 92 (44.4) | 173 (48.7) | 115 (57.8) | 38 (52.8) | |
Black | 72 (34.8) | 147 (41.1) | 73 (36.7) | 23 (31.9) | |
Other/unknown | 43 (21.1) | 35 (9.9) | |||
Hispanic, N (%) | 6 (2.9) | 12 (3.4) | 0.75 | 4 (2.0) | 2 (2.8) |
Comorbidities, N (%) | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 44 (21.3) | 105 (29.6) | 0.03 | 61 (30.7) | 12 (16.7) |
CKD | 25 (12.1) | 87 (24.5) | <0.001 | 51 (25.6) | 12 (16.7) |
IBD | 8 (3.9) | 32 (9.0) | 0.02 | 13 (6.5) | 7 (9.7) |
PUD | 2 (1.0) | 6 (1.7) | 0.49 | 6 (3.0) | 1 (1.4) |
Case #, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
First | 199 (96.1) | 304 (85.6) | 166 (83.4) | 50 (69.4) | |
Recurrent (#2-6) | 8 (3.9) | 51 (14.4) | 33 (16.6) | 22 (30.6) | |
Epi classd, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
CA | 176 (85.0) | 234 (65.9) | 109 (54.8) | 51 (70.8) | |
HACO | 31 (15.0) | 121 (34.1) | 90 (45.2) | 21 (29.2) | |
Treatment location, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Ambulatory | 116 (56.0) | 144 (40.6) | 15 (7.5) | 42 (58.3) | |
Hospital-based | 91 (44.0) | 211 (59.4) | 184 (92.5) | 30 (41.7) | |
Quarter of infection, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Q1 (Jan – March) | 80 (38.6) | 67 (18.9) | 47 (23.6) | 14 (19.4) | |
Q2 (April – June) | 61 (29.5) | 78 (22.0) | 45 (22.6) | 15 (20.8) | |
Q3 (July – Sep) | 36 (17.4) | 103 (29.0) | 51 (25.6) | 21 (29.2) | |
Q4 (Oct – Dec) | 30 (14.5) | 107 (30.1) | 56 (28.1) | 22 (30.6) | |
Labs, N (%) | |||||
WBC ≥ 15000/μ L | 19 (9.2) | 50 (14.1) | 0.09 | 76 (38.2) | 11 (15.3) |
WBC ≤ 1000/μ L | 1 (0.5) | 4 (1.1) | 0.66 | 7 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Albumin ≤ 2.5 g/dL | 7 (3.4) | 39 (11.0) | <0.01 | 57 (28.6) | 5 (6.9) |
Outcomes, N (%) | |||||
ICU admission | 5 (2.4) | 25 (7.0) | 0.02 | 41 (20.6) | 5 (6.9) |
Death | 2 (1.0) | 4 (1.1) | 1.00 | 9 (4.5) | 4 (5.6) |
P-value compares values between metronidazole-only and vancomycin-only groups using X2, Fisher’s exact, or Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate.
Both vancomycin and metronidazole, either serial or concurrent.
Other antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, or no treatment.
Determined according to CDC criteria [8].
Abbreviations: CA, community-associated; HACO, healthcare-associated community-onset; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; ICU, intensive care unit, IQR, interquartile range; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; WBC, white blood cells.