Table 3.

Effect of sex, depression, and anxiety on class membership over time

ACEs+ Group OR [95%CI]
Effect	High All	Binge, Tobacco, Cannabis	Steady Binge
Female (vs. male)	0.77 [0.50, 1.31]	0.86 [0.66, 1.12]	REF
Depression	1.05 [1.01, 1.09]	1.01 [0.98, 1.03]	REF
Anxiety	1.05 [1.01, 1.08]	1.01 [0.98, 1.03]	REF
ACEs− group OR [95%CI]
Effect	High All	Binge, Tobacco, Cannabis	Increasing Binge
Female (vs. male)	0.52 [0.37, 0.73]	0.89 [0.75, 1.06]	REF
Depression	1.08 [1.05, 1.11]	1.04 [1.01, 1.06]	REF
Anxiety	1.08 [1.04, 1.11]	1.03 [1.00, 1.05]	REF

Note: OR = odds ratio. Effects were constrained to be equal over time – within each class. Reductions

In negative 2 log likelihood were used to determine if constrained (versus freely estimated)

Effects did not result in significantly worse model fit. Results indicated that all effects could be constrained over time, within class, without introducing worse model fit. Sex (female = 1, male = 0).