(A) Experimental timeline for lean, lean treated with sugen, obese (EIPH model), and obese treated with sugen rats (CpcPH model). (B) Representative image of implantation of polyethylene (PE) tube in right (RV) and left ventricle (LV). (C-D) At 22 weeks old of age, Body weight, HbA1c level, HOMA-iR and Tryiglyceride were measured (lean n=8, lean+sugen n=5, obese n=8, obese+sugen n=5). (E) Right ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure (RVSP and RVEDP), left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure (LVSP and LVEDP) were measured at rest and during exercise (lean n=6–8, lean+sugen n=5, obese n=6–8, obese+sugen n=5). (F) Workload were calculated with the distance of test run and body weight (BW) (lean n=8, lean+sugen n=5, obese n=8, obese+sugen n=5). (G) Fulton index was measured as weight of RV/weight of LV + septum in lean (n=8), lean+sugen (n=5), obese (n=8), and obese+sugen rats (n=5). Results are expressed as mean±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Comparisons of parameters were performed with 2-tailed Student’s t-test, Welch’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, repeated measure two-way ANOVA or mixed-effects model analysis followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test for multiple comparisons.