Table 3.
Association Between Sitting Watching TV/videos and Body Fat Distribution Among US Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2003-2006
| n | β coefficient (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total fat percentage |
Trunk fat percentage |
||||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 1* | Model 2† | ||
| Children | |||||
| Female 8-11 y | |||||
| Sitting watching TV/videos (h/d)‡ | |||||
| ≤1 | 128 | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] |
| 2 | 144 | 0.12 (−2.11 – 2.35) | 0.53 (−1.53 – 2.60) | 0.12 (−2.51 – 2.76) | 0.61 (−1.93 – 3.14) |
| 3 | 68 | −0.03 (−3.01 – 2.95) | 0.65 (−1.89 – 3.19) | 0.17 (−3.56 – 3.91) | 0.96 (−2.30 – 4.22) |
| ≥4 | 85 | 2.04 (−1.01 – 5.10) | 2.00 (−1.05 – 5.05) | 2.18 (−1.55 – 5.91) | 2.13 (−1.66 – 5.92) |
| P for trend§ | 0.219 | 0.207 | 0.268 | 0.264 | |
| MVPA (per 30 min)¶ | −3.32 (−4.37 – −2.27) | −3.88 (−5.21 – −2.55) | |||
| Male 8-11 y | |||||
| Sitting watching TV/videos (h/d)‡ | |||||
| ≤1 | 98 | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] |
| 2 | 133 | 2.51 (0.33 – 4.69) | 2.33 (0.32 – 4.35) | 2.65 (0.12 – 5.18) | 2.46 (0.11 – 4.82) |
| 3 | 61 | 2.01 (−1.05 – 5.06) | 1.95 (−1.07 – 4.98) | 2.39 (−1.19 – 5.97) | 2.34 (−1.22 – 5.89) |
| ≥4 | 92 | 4.77 (1.88 – 7.65) | 3.82 (1.36 – 6.27) | 5.45 (2.28 – 8.61) | 4.43 (1.69 – 7.17) |
| P for trend§ | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |
| MVPA (per 30 min)¶ | −2.26 (−3.00 – −1.51) | −2.41 (−3.20 – −1.63) | |||
| Adolescents | |||||
| Female 12-19 y | |||||
| Sitting watching TV/videos (h/d)‡ | |||||
| ≤1 | 347 | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] |
| 2 | 237 | 0.83 (−0.24 – 1.89) | 0.80 (−0.20 – 1.80) | 1.07 (−0.27 – 2.40) | 1.04 (−0.25 – 2.33) |
| 3 | 162 | 2.16 (0.73 – 3.58) | 1.76 (0.32 – 3.21) | 2.98 (1.12 – 4.85) | 2.61 (0.73 – 4.49) |
| ≥4 | 217 | 2.86 (0.69 – 5.04) | 2.52 (0.52 – 4.52) | 3.85 (1.20 – 6.50) | 3.53 (1.03 – 6.03) |
| P for trend§ | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| MVPA (per 30 min)¶ | −1.55 (−2.31 – −0.78) | −1.47 (−2.40 – −0.53) | |||
| Male 12-19 y | |||||
| Sitting watching TV/videos (h/d)‡ | |||||
| ≤1 | 329 | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] | 0 [Reference] |
| 2 | 262 | 3.09 (1.54 – 4.64) | 2.94 (1.46 – 4.43) | 3.39 (1.78 – 5.00) | 3.23 (1.68 – 4.78) |
| 3 | 205 | 2.83 (1.35 – 4.31) | 2.54 (1.06 – 4.01) | 3.24 (1.63 – 4.85) | 2.93 (1.29 – 4.56) |
| ≥4 | 262 | 4.30 (2.65 – 5.95) | 4.06 (2.43 – 5.68) | 5.05 (3.21 – 6.88) | 4.78 (2.97 – 6.60) |
| P for trend§ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| MVPA (per 30 min)¶ | −0.90 (−1.40 – −0.40) | −0.97 (−1.50 – −0.44) | |||
Abbreviation: AC, activity count; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, total accelerometer wear time (continuous), sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or others), family income poverty ratio (<1.30, 1.30-3.49, ≥3.50), total energy intake (continuous), and HEI-2010 (continuous).
Model 2 was additionally adjusted for MVPA (continuous).
Sitting watching TV/videos was derived from questionnaire by asking “Over the past 30 days, on average, about how many hours per day did [you/children’s name] sit and watch television or videos?” with options for the answer: none, less than 1 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, or 5 hours or more.
P for trend was calculated using the time spend on sitting watching TV/videos using the mid-point of each category as a continuous variable.
Age-specific cutoffs for MVPA were used (AC ≥1638, ≥1770, ≥1910, ≥2059, ≥2220, ≥2393, ≥2580, ≥2781, ≥3000, ≥3239, and ≥2020 for age 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, 16-, 17-, and ≥18 y, respectively) according to the thresholds used by the National Cancer Institute.