Table 2.
Ureteral visualization studies using intravenous dye
| Ref. | Model | Surgery | Dye | n (%) | Visible ureters | Visible time after injection | Visibility duration |
| Matsui et al[71], 2010 | Pig | Open1 | Methylene blue | 20 | 100% (40/40) | 10 min | 65 min |
| Laparoscopy1 | 2 | 50% (2/4) | 10 min | 20 min | |||
| Verbeek et al[89], 2013 | Human | Open1 | Methylene blue | 12 | 100% (20/20) | 10 min | ≥ 50 min |
| Al-Taher et al[90], 2016 | Human | Laparoscopy | Methylene blue | 10 | 62,5% (5/8) | ND | ND |
| Barnes et al[72], 2018 | Human | Laparoscopy | Methylene blue | 34 | 93.6% (59/63) | 0 min | 2 h |
| Open | 6 | 66.6% (4/6) | |||||
| Tanaka et al[67], 2007 | Rat | Open | IRDye 800CW | 12 | 100% | 3-5 min | ND |
| Pig | Open | IRDye 800CW | 6 | 100% | 10 min | > 20 min | |
| Schols et al[74], 2014 | Pig | Laparoscopy | IRDye 800cw | 2 | 50% (1/2) | 10 min | ND |
| Korb et al[75], 2015 | Pig | Laparoscopy | IRDye 800CW | 6 | 100% | 10 min | ≥ 50 min |
| Van den Bos et al[18], 2018 | Pig | Laparoscopy | IRDye 800 BK | 1 | 100% (2/2) | 35 min | 3 h |
| IRDye 800NOS | 1 | 100% (2/2) | 45 min | ND | |||
| IRDye 800CW | 1 | 100% (2/2) | 10 min | ≥ 15 min | |||
| Al-Taher et al[77], 2018 | Pig | Laparoscopy | IRDye 800BK | 3 | 100% (6/6) | 1-20 min | ≥ 100 min |
1
With dissection to highlight ureters.
ND: No data available.