. 2021 Jul 24;7(3):829–840. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.008

Table 4.

Effect of probiotics on the mucosal structure of ileum in broilers (n = 3/group).

Item	Treatments¹			SEM	P-value
Item	Control	BSC10	Lac16	SEM	P-value
Day 14
Villus height, μm	394.25^b	486.76^a	481.80^a	27.01	<0.001
Crypt depth, μm	87.37	86.42	85.51	1.98	0.84
Villus height:Crypt depth ratio	4.52^b	5.64^a	5.63^a	0.33	<0.001
Day 21
Villus height, μm	467.47^b	546.38^a	559.19^a	25.88	<0.001
Crypt depth, μm	95.70	94.97	96.80	1.84	0.82
Villus height:Crypt depth ratio	4.89^b	5.77^a	5.78^a	0.29	0.012
Day 42
Villus height, μm	565.48^b	626.32^a	639.92^a	21.75	0.005
Crypt depth, μm	119.89	124.44	125.70	2.53	0.26
Villus height:Crypt depth ratio	4.72	5.03	5.09	0.14	0.11

^{a, b} Mean values within a row with no common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Control: control group; BSC10: basal diet supplemented with Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 (1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/kg feed); Lac16: basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum 16 (1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/kg feed).