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. 2021 Mar 29;94(7):1659–1670. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01672-4

Table 3.

Medically certified sick leave >14 days in 2015/2016 for women and men exposed for different occupation and branch gender compositions, occupations and branches. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals

Gender composition—occupation—branch Women Men
Crude RR Adjusted RR Crude RR Adjusted RR
Occupational (four-digit) gender compositiona
 Extremely female dominated > 90% 1.28 (1.27–1.28) 1.06 (1.04–1.07) 1.37 (1.36–1.39) 1.13 (1.10–1.16)
 Female dominated 61–90% 1.13 (1.13–1.14) 1.02 (1.01–1.04) 1.17 (1.16–1.18) 1.05 (1.03–1.07)
 Integrated 40–60% (reference category) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Male dominated 61–90% 1.09 (1.09–1.10) 1.00 (0.99–1.04) 1.17 (1.16–1.17) 0.99 (0.98–1.01)
 Extremely male dominated > 90% 1.20 (1.18–1.21) 0.99 (0.95–1.02) 1.31 (1.31–1.32) 0.97 (0.95–0.98)
Branch (three-digit) gender compositiona
 Extremely female dominated > 90% 1.30 (1.29–1.30) 1.09 (1.07–1.11) 1.29 (1.27–1.31) 1.12 (1.07–1.17)
 Female dominated 61–90% 1.13 (1.13–1.14) 1.03 (1.01–1.04) 1.10 (1.09–1.11) 1.02 (1.00–1.04)
 Integrated 40–60% (reference category) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Male dominated 61–90% 1.01 (1.01–1.02) 0.99 (0.98–1.01) 1.09 (1.08–1.10) 1.01 (1.00–1.02)
 Extremely male dominated > 90% 0.97 (0.96–0.99) 1.01 (0.96–1.07) 1.23 (1.22–1.24) 1.04 (1.01–1.06)
Occupation (ISCO-88)b,c
 Armed forces 0.79 (0.71–0.87) 0.78 (0.70–0.86) 0.64 (0.61–0.67) 0.70 (0.66–0.73)
 Legislators, senior officials and managers 0.83 (0.82–0.84) 0.91 (0.89–0.92) 0.77 (0.76–0.78) 0.86 (0.85–0.87)
 Professionals 0.93 (0.92–0.94) 0.93 (0.92–0.94) 0.79 (0.78–0.79) 0.90 (0.89–0.91)
 Technicians and associate professionals 1.05 (1.04–1.06) 0.99 (0.98–1.00) 0.93 (0.92–0.93) 0.95 (0.95–0.96)
 Clerks 0.99 (0.98–1.00) 0.95 (0.94–0.96) 1.12 (1.21–1.13) 1.05 (1.04–1.06)
 Personal and protective services workers 1.23 (1.22–1.24) 1.06 (1.05–1.07) 1.17 (1.16–1.18) 1.04 (1.04–1.06)
 Models, salespersons and demonstrators 1.03 (1.02–1.04) 1.03 (1.02–1.04) 0.99 (0.98–1.00) 1.00 (0.99–1.02)
 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 0.93 (0.90–0.95) 1.04 (1.02–1.07) 0.98 (0.97–0.99) 1.05 (1.04–1.07)
Craft and related trades workers 1.12 (1.10–1.14) 1.10 (1.08–1.12) 1.23 (1.23–1.24) 1.14 (1.13–1.15)
 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 1.22 (1.21–1.23) 1.16 (1.15–1.17) 1.22 (1.22–1.23) 1.11 (1.10–1.12)
 Elementary occupations 1.15 (1.14–1.16) 1.08 (1.07–1.09) 1.24 (1.23–1.25) 1.14 (1.13–1.15)
Branch (NACE-Rev.2)b,c
 Land management (A) 0.68 (0.66–0.70) 0.90 (0.88–0.93) 0.81 (0.79–0.82) 0.88 (0.87–0.90)
 Manufacturing (B,C,D,E) 1.03 (1.02–1.04) 0.95 (0.95–0.96) 1.09 (1.08–1.09) 0.96 (0.96–0.97)
 Construction (F) 0.94 (0.92–0.95) 0.97 (0.95–0.98) 1.16 (1.16–1.17) 1.06 (1.06–1.07)
 Trade (G) 1.00 (1.00–1.01) 0.98 (0.97–0.99) 0.99 (0.98–0.99) 0.97 (0.96–0.98)
 Transportation (H) 1.15 (1.14–1.16) 1.05 (1.03–1.06) 1.19 (1.18–1.20) 1.01 (1.01–1.02)
 Hotel, restaurant, entertainment (I,R) 0.96 (0.95–0.96) 0.97 (0.96–0.98) 0.97 (0.96–0.98) 0.98 (0.97–0.99)
 Business services (J,K,L,M,N,S) 0.98 (0.98–0.99) 1.00 (0.99–1.00) 0.89 (0.88–0.90) 0.96 (0.95–0.97)
 Public administration (O) 1.07 (1.06–1.07) 1.01 (1.00–1.02) 0.97 (0.96–0.98) 1.01 (1.00–1.03)
 Education (P) 1.13 (1.12–1.13) 1.04 (1.03–1.04) 0.97 (0.96–0.98) 1.01 (1.00–1.03)
 Social services (Q) 1.22 (1.22–1.22) 1.08 (1.07–1.08) 1.13 (1.12–1.14) 1.08 (1.06–1.09)

aAdjusted for covariates presented in Tables 1 and 2 and for 113 occupations (three-digit level) and 89 branches (two-digit level)

bAdjusted for covariates presented in Tables 1 and 2

cUnweighted mean across all categories is the reference category normalized to 1.00