Table 2.
Speech and language performance.
| IND | Age | Communication milestones (y; m) | Minimally verbal | Speech diagnosis~ | Language abilitya | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken words | Short sentences | Expressive | Receptive | Written | Social skillsa | ||||
| 1 | 0y8m | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | NA | Adequate |
| 2 | 1y3m | NYA^ | ^ | ^ | N~ | Low | Low | NA | Mod. Low |
| 3 | 2y11m | NYA | NYA | Y | CAS | Low | Mod. Low | NA | Adequate |
| 4 | 3y2m | 15–18m | NYA | Y | NA | Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low |
| 5 | 3y4m | <12m | NYA | Y | Phon, CAS | Mod. Low | Adequate | Adequate | Mod. Low |
| 6 | 3y7m | <12m | NYA | Y | N~ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 7 | 3y8m | >18m | NYA | Y | CAS | Low | Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 8 | 4y6m | <12m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS | Low | Low | Mod. Low | Adequate |
| 9 | 5y7m | >18m | NYA | Y | N~ | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| 10 | 6y1m | 15–18m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS | Low | Adequate | Low | Adequate |
| 11 | 6y2m | >18m | 4–5y | N | Artic, CAS, Phon | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low |
| 12 | 6y10m | 12–15m | 6–7y | N | CAS | Low | Mod. Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 13 | 7y0m | >18m | NYA | Y | Phon, CAS, Dysarthria~ | Low | Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 14 | 7y2m | >18m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS, Dysarthria | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Low | Low |
| 15 | 7y6m | >18m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS, Dysfluency | Low | Mod. Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 16 | 8y1m | 12–15m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS | Mod. Low | Adequate | Mod. Low | Mod. Low |
| 17 | 8y5m | >18m | 4–5y | N | CAS | Adequate | Adequate | Adequate | Adequate |
| 18 | 8y11m | >18m | 6–7y | N | CAS, Dysarthria | Severeb | Severeb | Severeb | – |
| 19 | 9y4m | >18m | 6–7y | N | Phon, CAS | Low | Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low |
| 20 | 11y0m | 12–15m | NYA | Y | N~ | Low | Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 21 | 11y7m | <12m | 6–7y | N | Phon, CAS, Dysarthria | Low | Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 22 | 12y0m | 15–18m | 6–7y | N | Artic, Phon, CAS | Adequate | Mod. Low | Low | Adequate |
| 23 | 12y1m | <12m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS | Adequate | Adequate | Mod. Low | Mod. Low |
| 24 | 13y0m | NYA | NYA | Y | Artic, CAS | Severeb | NA | NA | NA |
| 25 | 13y5m | NYA | NYA | Y | CAS | Low | Mod. Low | Low | NA |
| 26 | 13y7m | >18m | 4–5y | N | CAS | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Low |
| 27 | 14y2m | 12–15m | 6–7y | N | CAS | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Low | Low |
| 28 | 14y10m | >18m | >8y | N | CAS, Dysarthria | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 29 | 15y10m | 15–18m | NYA | Y | Phon, CAS~ | Mod. Low | Mod. Low | Low | Mod. Low |
| 30 | 19y10m | <12m | 4–5y | N | Phon, CAS | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 31 | 23y2m | <12m | 2–3y | N | Phon, CAS | Adequate | Low | Mod. Low | Low |
~ = Based on parent report; ^ = patient is too young for these developmental milestones.
m months, y years, NYA not yet achieved, NA not assessed, Phon phonological disorder, CAS childhood apraxia of speech, Artic articulation disorder.
aRated using Vineland-3 standard scores and severity ratings.
bSeverity rated according to other clinical language assessment results provided.