Table 12.

Diseases that require control of the source of infection and imaging tests

		Main tests expected
Region		Simple X-ray	Ultrasonography	CT scan	MRI scan
Head and neck	Brain abscess / meningoencephalitis			○(contrast-enhanced imaging)	○(contrast-enhanced imaging), contrast enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (for encephalitis)
Chest	Cervical abscess (descending mediastinitis)		○	○(contrast-enhanced imaging)
	Empyema	○	○	○(contrast-enhanced imaging)
	Infective endocarditis		○a	○(contrast-enhanced imaging)
Abdomen	Intestinal perforation / peritonitis	○	○	○(contrast-enhanced imaging)
	Cholecystitis / cholangitis		○	○(contrast-enhanced imaging)	○(MRI/MRCP)
	Obstructive urinary tract infection	○	○	○
Other	Necrotic soft tissue infections			○(contrast-enhanced imaging)

^aTransesophageal echocardiography other than the transthoracic wall variant is more accurate in diagnosing infective endocarditis