Table 3.
Insulin injection knowledge in nurses
| Variables | N (%) |
|---|---|
| 1. What type of insulin is insulin Aspart? | |
| Long-acting insulin | 22,970 (10.28) |
| Short-acting insulin | 97,914 (43.84) |
| Rapid-acting insulin | 85,802 (38.41) |
| Intermediate-acting insulin | 16,682 (7.47) |
| 2. Time of injection of short-acting insulin | |
| After meal | 2439 (1.09) |
| 30 min before meal | 102,097 (45.71) |
| 5–10 min before meal | 62,203 (27.85) |
| Immediately before meal | 56,629 (25.35) |
| 3. Correct storage temperature of unopened insulin | |
| 10–15 °C | 5775 (2.59) |
| 15–30 °C | 6673 (2.99) |
| 2–8 °C | 208,546 (93.36) |
| < 0 °C | 2374 (1.06) |
| 4. How long is insulin placed at room temperature before injection after it is taken out from the refrigerator? | |
| 15 min | 44,747 (20.03) |
| 30 min | 171,131 (76.61) |
| 45 min | 660 (0.30) |
| 60 min | 6830 (3.06) |
| 5. How long can an opened vial of insulin remain at room temperature? | |
| 15 days | 16,906 (7.57) |
| 30 days | 199,378 (89.26) |
| 45 days | 3005 (1.35) |
| 60 days | 4079 (1.83) |
| 6. The safest needle entry length | |
| 4 mm and 6 mm | 186,266 (83.39) |
| 4 mm and 8 mm | 19,252 (8.62) |
| 5 mm and 6 mm | 13,214 (5.92) |
| 5 mm and 8 mm | 4636 (2.08) |
| 7. Which type of skin disinfectant should be used for insulin injection? | |
| Anerdian skin disinfectant | 6171 (2.76) |
| 70–80% ethanol | 210,191 (94.10) |
| Iodophor | 5696 (2.55) |
| Chlorine disinfectant | 1310 (0.59) |
| 8. Appropriate site for insulin injections | |
| Abdomen | 221,417 (99.13) |
| Lateral thigh | 193,877 (86.80) |
| Superolateral buttocks | 169,201 (75.75) |
| Lateral arm | 205,746 (92.11) |
| 9. Rate of absorption of insulin according to injection site (rapid to slow) | |
| Thigh, abdomen, upper arm, buttocks | 3636 (1.63) |
| Abdomen, upper arm, thigh, buttocks | 182,832 (81.85) |
| Abdomen, buttocks, upper arm, thigh | 26,327 (11.79) |
| Upper arm, abdomen, thigh, buttocks | 10,573 (4.73) |
| 10. The minimal distance of injection site from the last injection site | |
| 1 cm | 114,130 (51.10) |
| 2 cm | 67,619 (30.27) |
| 3 cm | 21,268 (9.52) |
| 4 cm | 20,351 (9.11) |
| 11. Interval between two injections at the same site | |
| 1 week | 162,632 (72.81) |
| 2 weeks | 22,449 (10.05) |
| 3 weeks | 1725 (0.77) |
| 4 weeks | 36,562 (16.37) |
| 12. The skin is pinched during insulin injection between | |
| Thumb and ring finger | 7317 (3.28) |
| Thumb and middle finger | 18,167 (8.13) |
| Thumb, middle finger and index finger | 187,046 (83.74) |
| All five fingers | 10,838 (4.85) |
| 13. Entry angle of 4 mm or 5 mm needle | |
| 30° | 19,606 (8.78) |
| 45° | 17,018 (7.62) |
| 60° | 4226 (1.89) |
| 90° | 182,518 (81.71) |
| 14. Entry angle of ≥ 6 mm needle (apart from pinching the skin) | |
| 15° | 17,034 (7.63) |
| 30° | 25,624 (11.47) |
| 45° | 164,302 (73.56) |
| 60° | 16,408 (7.35) |
| 15. How long should the needle stay after insulin pen injection? | |
| 2–3 s | 21,015 (9.41) |
| 6–9 s | 13,495 (6.04) |
| ≥ 10 s | 186,450 (83.47) |
| No | 2408 (1.08) |
| 16. Insulin injection-associated complications | |
| Lipohypertrophy or lipoatrophy | 207,025 (92.68) |
| Infections | 196,579 (88.01) |
| Pain | 197,331 (88.34) |
| Bleeding or congestion | 200,912 (89.95) |
| 17. Proper insulin pen needle disposal method after injection | |
| Recap the needle with a single hand and dispose the needle in the sharp container | 145,972 (65.35) |
| Recap the needle and dispose the needle in the sharp container | 181,819 (81.40) |
| Remove needle using a needle remover or tweezers and dispose the needle in the sharp container | 204,082 (91.37) |
| Recap the needle and leave the needle in the pen | 205,294 (91.91) |
| 18. After withdrawal of insulin pen needle, the injection site should | |
| Be pressed with dry cotton swab | 132,695 (59.41) |
| Be pressed with alcohol cotton swab | 2773 (1.24) |
| Be pressed with fingers | 940 (0.42) |
| Not be pressed | 86,960 (38.93) |
| 19. Incorrect mixing method for insulin | |
| Clear insulin by naked eye does not need to be mixed | 74,857 (33.51) |
| If insulin is not fully mixed, mixing can be repeated | 13,752 (6.16) |
| Insulin pen fill is rolled horizontally between hands ten times and then flipped up and down ten times in 10 s | 38,569 (17.27) |
| When mixing intermediate-acting insulin and short-acting insulin, intermediate-acting insulin should be taken followed by short-acting insulin | 96,190 (43.06) |
| 20. Wrong statement on insulin syringe | |
| U-100 insulin syringe is only suitable for using 100 U/mL insulin | 24,338 (10.90) |
| U-40 insulin syringe should not be used for taking insulin from insulin pen fill for injection | 53,935 (24.15) |
| U-40 insulin syringe can be used for taking insulin from the insulin pen fill | 123,913 (55.47) |
| U-40 insulin syringe is only suitable for 40 U/mL insulin | 21,182 (9.48) |
| 21. Which one of the following is wrong in managing hypoglycemia? | |
| When hypoglycemia is suspected, plasma glucose is immediately tested to ascertain diagnosis. If plasma glucose cannot be measured, treat the patient as having hypoglycemia | 70,562 (31.59) |
| 5% or 10% glucose can be given intravenously in conscious patients | 110,337 (49.40) |
| 15–20 g candy (glucose preferred) can be given orally in conscious patients | 12,133 (5.43) |
| 20 mL 50% glucose can be given by intravenous injection in conscious patients | 30,336 (13.58) |
Correct answer is in italics