Table 3.
Characteristics of participants at baseline and 14 weeks
| Patient characteristics | Group 70 (n = 15) | Group N R (n = 15) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics at baseline | |||
| Current age, years | 20.0 [18.0, 23.0] | 19.0 [15.5, 23.5] | 0.88 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 16.0 [10.0, 19.5] | 14.0 [11.5, 17.5] | 0.85 |
| Patients diagnosed after age 14 years | 9 (60.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.71 |
| Female | 9 (60.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.71 |
| BMI Z-score | − 0.5 [− 1.1, 0.3] | − 0.2 [− 1.6, 0.7] | 0.87 |
| Normal BMI Z-scorea | 12 (80.0) | 9 (60.0) | 0.42 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 5.0 [2.0, 8.5] | 4.0 [2.5, 8.0] | 0.98 |
| HbA1c, % | 9.5 [8.8, 11.1] | 10.6 [8.1, 14.4] | 0.59 |
| HbA1c, % (mean ± SD) | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 0.27 |
| Patients with HbA1c < 8% | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1.00 |
| History of diabetic ketoacidosis at any stage | 3 (20.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1.00 |
| Total daily insulin dose, U | 40.0 [32.0, 55.0] | 38.0 [26.5, 53.0] | 0.66 |
| Total daily insulin dose/kg, U | 0.8 [0.6 to 1.0] | 0.8 [0.6 to 0.9] | 0.40 |
| Education | 0.39 | ||
| Elementary | 3 (20.0) | 5 (33.3) | |
| Middle School | 2 (13.3) | 3 (20.0) | |
| High School | 8 (53.3) | 4 (28.7) | |
| Professional | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | |
| University | 1 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Characteristics at 14 weeks | |||
| Increase in visit duration, min (mean ± SD) | 6.7 ± 4.7 | 6.6 ± 5.0 | 0.87 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.0 [7.1, 9.2] | 9.0 [7.6, 9.9] | 0.12 |
| HbA1c, % (mean ± SD) | 8.0 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 0.09 |
| HbA1c < 8% | 7 (46.7) | 5 (33.3) | 0.71 |
| Total daily dose increase, Ub | 8.0 [3.5, 14.0] | 7.0 [− 0.5, 12.0] | 0.44 |
| Missed SMBG per weekc | 0.3 [0.0, 0.8] | 0.5 [0.3, 2.8] | 0.04 |
| Skipped meals per weekc | 4.3 [0.9, 6.2] | 5.0 [0.0, 7.4] | 0.60 |
| Mild hypoglycemia | 15 (100.0) | 15 (100.0) | 1.00 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.00) | – |
| Hyperglycemic crisisd | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Values in table are shown as the median with the interquartile range in square brackets, or as a number (n) with the percentage in parentheses, unless specifically stated otherwise
BMI Body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, SD Standard deviation, SMBG self-monitoring blood glucose
aBMI for age Z-score ≥ − 2 and < + 1
bIncrease from baseline
cAccording to information reported on SMBG log
dIncludes diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state