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. 2021 Aug 24;12:5059. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25236-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, b Optical (left), phase contrast (middle), and fluorescence (right, green: live cells and red: dead cells) images of the bSC tissues printed inside granular gellan gum (G-GG) (a) and granular gelatin (G-Gel) (b) followed by bath removal. Scale bars, 500 µm. c Shape change of bSC tissue fabricated by SBP inside G-Gel from the fibrous form right after printing and bath removal to globular form on day 6 of suspension culture. d Schematic (left), size change in accordance with culture day (middle), and phase-contrast images (right) of needle fixed culture of printed bSCs tissues. Error bars represent mean ± s.d. Scale bars, 500 µm. e 3D-fluorescence images (upper, red: actin and green: MHC) and cell alignment measurements (lower) of the bSC tissues printed inside G-GG and G-Gel and in suspension and needle-fixed cultures on day 3 of differentiation (after six days), respectively. Representative images from at least two independent experiments are shown. Scale bars, 200 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.