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. 2021 Aug 3;12(9):2437–2450. doi: 10.1007/s13300-021-01107-w

Table 2.

Clinical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters of before and after exenatide, Humalog Mix25, and oral antidiabetic drugs intervention

Pre-exenatide (n = 35) Post-exenatide (n = 35) P value Pre-Humalog Mix25 (n = 37) Post-Humalog Mix25 (n = 37) P value Pre-OADs (n = 28) Post-OADs (n = 28) P value
Weight (kg) 66.85 ± 8.96 62.64 ± 2.03 < 0.0001 64.47 ± 6.63 64.02 ± 1.47 0.07 65.53 ± 6.72 61.73 ± 1.81 < 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2) 24.00 ± 0.30 22.48 ± 0.39 0.001 23.30 ± 0.24 23.87 ± 0.31 0.62 23.56 ± 0.31 22.55 ± 0.30 < 0.0001
Waistline (cm) 89.18 ± 1.69 82.18 ± 2.15 < 0.0001 87.66 ± 0.87 87.25 ± 1.06 0.08 88.88 ± 1.28 84.27 ± 1.70 < 0.0001
SBP (mmHg) 123.18 ± 4.35 127.55 ± 5.08 < 0.0001 134.41 ± 3.40 130.06 ± 2.28 0.08 131.08 ± 4.53 126.62 ± 3.09 < 0.0001
DBP (mmHg) 71.18 ± 2.61 72.55 ± 2.34 0.21 73.00 (70.00, 85.00) 73.50 (70.00, 78.75) 0.003 77.00 ± 2.00 73.31 ± 2.37 0.40
FBG (mmol/L) 8.32 ± 2.09 6.91 ± 1.68 0.68 9.07 ± 2.22 7.11 ± 1.50 0.026 8.06 ± 1.83 7.05 ± 2.13 0.48
2hPBG (mmol/L) 12.57 ± 3.72 10.81 ± 3.38 0.13 14.96 ± 3.82 12.64 ± 3.09 0.64 13.53 ± 3.41 11.59 ± 4.44 0.23
HbA1c (%) 8.72 ± 0.22 7.86 ± 0.32 0.012 8.36 ± 0.19 7.65 ± 0.19 0.002 7.30 (7.15, 9.25) 6.80 (6.50, 7.50) 0.002
TC (mmol/L) 5.30 ± 0.22 4.90 ± 0.29 < 0.00001 4.99 ± 0.15 5.05 ± 0.18 0.93 4.74 ± 0.22 4.66 ± 0.24 0.78
TG (mmol/L) 2.24 ± 0.65 1.19 ± 0.24 0.03 0.23 ± 0.15 0.12 ± 0.13 0.10 1.55 ± 0.31 1.19 ± 0.19 0.08
SAT (cm2) 122.21 ± 8.99 104.11 ± 8.84 < 0.01 129.66 ± 13.84 130.24 ± 13.32 0.83 122.06 ± 11.77 112.31 ± 12.42 0.14
VAT (cm2) 77.96 ± 7.03 60.28 ± 6.19 < 0.0001 57.80 ± 6.78 59.76 ± 5.80 0.07 70.92 ± 6.71 68.91 ± 5.30 0.05
AUCG0–180min 40.17 ± 1.67a 38.51 ± 1.45b 0.21 45.25 ± 1.48a 43.58 ± 1.27b 0.27 39.91 ± 1.69a 37.50 ± 2.19b 0.19
AUCINS0–180min 4.16 ± 0.61 4.40 ± 0.55 0.02 4.10 ± 0.13 4.25 ± 0.11 0.51 4.19 ± 0.12 4.34 ± 0.12 0.59
AUCC-peptide0–180min 13.22 ± 0.99 15.77 ± 0.91b 0.003 11.68 ± 0.89 12.06 ± 0.96b 0.49 14.23 ± 0.73 15.01 ± 0.94b 0.25
HOMA-β 37.81 ± 4.59 37.95 ± 4.66 0.97 28.56 (20.78, 63.49) 34.75 (22.22, 136.21) 0.26 38.40 (24.59, 55.65) 43.34 (18.03, 63.34) 0.81
IGI 0.95 ± 0.19 1.48 ± 0.21 0.01 1.62 (1.33, 3.54) 1.91 (1.26, 4.88) 0.08 1.32 ± 0.21 1.33 ± 0.27 0.97
HOMA-IR 0.90 ± 0.15 0.91 ± 0.07 0.93 1.04 ± 0.14 0.61 ± 0.10 0.22 0.83 ± 0.13 0.57 ± 0.09 0.27
OGIS 276.66 ± 14.00 291.20 ± 11.72b 0.30 253.36 ± 8.32 249.63 ± 11.60b 0.78 284.43 ± 9.95 308.26 ± 10.08b 0.04
IGI × OGIS 6.53 ± 0.22 7.13 ± 0.21 0.01 6.40 ± 1.38 7.04 ± 1.04 0.08 6.97 ± 0.21 7.08 ± 0.28 0.79
HOMA-IS × HOMA-β 2.54 ± 0.13 2.55 ± 0.01 0.93 2.34 ± 0.13 2.57 ± 0.11 0.09 2.63 ± 0.14 2.89 ± 0.19 0.29

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). TG in group Humalog Mix25, AUCINS0–180min, IGI, HOMA-IR, IGI × OGIS, and HOMA-IS × HOMA-β in all groups were logarithmically transformed

SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT visceral adipose tissue, AUC area under the curve, HOMA-β homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, IGI insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, OGIS oral glucose insulin sensitivity, IGI × OGIS and HOMA-IS × HOMA-β disposition indices

Parameters among three groups were compared with ANOVA. AUCG0–180min (38.51 ± 1.45 vs. 43.58 ± 1.27 vs. 37.50 ± 2.19), AUCC-peptide0–180min (15.77 ± 0.91 vs. 12.06 ± 0.96 vs. 15.01 ± 0.94), HOMA-β (3.36 ± 0.12 vs. 3.19 ± 0.08 vs. 3.46 ± 0.20 Ln transformed), and OGIS (291.20 ± 11.72 vs. 249.63 ± 11.60 vs. 308.26 ± 10.08) had significantly differences among exenatide, Humalog Mix25, and OAD groups (all P < 0.05). The least significant difference test was used for multiple comparisons

PS: aP < 0.05, group Humalog Mix25 vs. exenatide, and group Humalog Mix25 vs. OADs before medication

bP < 0.05, group Humalog Mix25 vs. exenatide, and group Humalog Mix25 vs. OADs after medication