Fig. 1.

Pae promoted Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion and enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in high glucose (HG)-treated cardiomyocytes. (a) Representative confocal microscope images of mitochondrial morphology stained by MitoTracker Red. Original magnification × 600. (b) Quantification of mean mitochondrial volume. (c) Quantification of mitochondrial number per cell. (d) mtDNA content normalized to nuclear DNA content. (e) Quantification of mitochondrial mass. (f) Quantification of normalized ATP levels. (g) Representative images and quantitative analysis of MitoSOX-stained mitochondria-derived superoxide production. (h–i) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measured by Seahorse and quantitative statistical analysis of OCR. (j-k) Representative blots and quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins including Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Drp1 and Fis1. (l) Quantitative analysis of Opa1 mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR. Values are the means ± SEM. NG, normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L); HG, high glucose (33 mmol/L); Pae, paeonol (100 μmol/L). n = 6 in each group. All data are shown as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)