Fig. 5.

Pae promoted Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion and restored mitochondrial function in diabetic hearts. (a) Representative images of mitochondrial morphology obtained by transmission electron microscope. Mitochondria are shown in green. Scale bars = 1 μm. Original magnification × 15,000. (b) Mitochondria were classified into three categories based on size (<0.6 μm², 0.6–1 μm², >1 μm²). (c) Quantification of mean mitochondrial size. (d) Quantification of mitochondrial number per μm². (e) Quantification of normalized ATP levels. (f) Representative images of mitochondrial cristae obtained by transmission electron microscope. Mitochondria are shown in green. Scale bars = 0.5 μm. Original magnification × 40,000. (g) Quantification of cristae amount per mitochondrial area. (h-i) Representative blots and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins including Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Drp1 and Fis1. (j-k) Representative blots and quantitative analysis of PGC-1α and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I–V (CI–V). (l) Quantitative analysis of Opa1 and CI–V mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR. DM, diabetes mellitus; Pae, paeonol at a dosage of 300 mg/kg/day. n = 8 for animal experiments (Figure a–g) and n = 6 for molecular biology experiments (Figure h–l). All data are shown as means ± SEM. **P < 0.01. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)