Table 1.

Summary of literature reporting inflammatory cytokine changes in PTSD patients.

Research findings	Sample source	Index	Reference
Levels of inflammatory cytokines (or cells) ↑	Plasma	IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-17	(30–33)
	Serum	TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ	(34)
		(TNF)-α, (IFN)-γ, and CRP	(35)
	Serum	TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6	(36)
	Serum	IL-1β	(37, 38)
	Serum	IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α	(32)
	blood sample	IL-6	(16, 39–41)
	serum	IL-6	(42, 43)
	Cerebrospinal fluid	IL-6	(44)
	Saliva	IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, CCL2	(31, 45)
	Secretion of Blood cell	IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α	(46)
	Blood cell	Th1, Th17	(47)
Anti-inflammatory cytokines (or cells) ↓	Plasma	TGF-β, LI-4, IL-10	(30)
	Serum	IL-2, IL-8	(43)
	Saliva	IL-4, IL-10	(31)
	Blood cell	Treg	(46)