Table 1.
Summary of the demographic factors, risk factors, and baseline clinical characteristics of bacterial keratitis presented to Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| All cases | Culture-proven | Culture-negative | P-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N = 283 | Total N = 128 | Total N = 155 | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age, years | 54.4 ± 21.0 | 58.5 ± 21.3 | 51.1 ± 20.1 | 0.004 |
| Gender | 0.66 | |||
| Female | 139 (49.1) | 61 (47.7) | 78 (50.3) | |
| Male | 144 (50.9) | 67 (52.3) | 77 (49.7) | |
| Laterality | 0.13 | |||
| Left | 145 (51.2) | 72 (56.3) | 73 (47.1) | |
| Right | 138 (48.8) | 56 (43.7) | 82 (52.9) | |
| Risk factors$ | 0.030 | |||
| OSD* | 134 (47.3) | 59 (46.1) | 75 (48.4) | 0.70 |
| Contact lens wear | 100 (35.3) | 41 (32.0) | 59 (38.1) | 0.29 |
| Immunosuppression** | 52 (18.4) | 27 (21.1) | 25 (16.1) | 0.28 |
| Prior corneal surgery | 39 (13.8) | 25 (19.5) | 14 (9.0) | 0.011 |
| Topical corticosteroids | 31 (11.0) | 21 (16.4) | 10 (6.5) | 0.008 |
| Trauma | 25 (8.8) | 10 (7.8) | 15 (9.7) | 0.58 |
| None identified | 10 (3.5) | 3 (2.3) | 7 (4.5) | 0.32 |
| Mean duration of symptoms, day | 5.3 ± 7.2 | 5.8 ± 7.2 | 5.0 ± 7.3 | 0.41 |
| Presenting CDVA, in logMAR | ||||
| 0.0–0.3 | 89 (31.4) | 20 (15.6) | 69 (44.5) | <0.001 |
| <0.3–0.6 | 41 (14.5) | 20 (15.6) | 21 (13.5) | |
| <0.6–1.0 | 29 (10.2) | 15 (11.7) | 14 (9.0) | |
| <1.0 | 124 (43.8) | 73 (57.0) | 51 (32.9) | |
| Size of epithelial defect | ||||
| Small (≤ 3 mm) | 172 (60.8) | 58 (45.3) | 114 (73.5) | <0.001 |
| Moderate (3.1–6 mm) | 63 (22.3) | 43 (33.6) | 20 (12.9) | |
| Large (>6 mm) | 48 (17.0) | 27 (21.1) | 21 (13.5) | |
| Size of infiltrate | ||||
| Small (≤ 3 mm) | 183 (64.7) | 65 (50.8) | 118 (76.1) | <0.001 |
| Moderate (3.1–6 mm) | 62 (21.9) | 40 (31.2) | 22 (14.2) | |
| Large (>6 mm) | 38 (13.4) | 23 (18.0) | 15 (9.7) | |
| Location | ||||
| Central | 110 (38.9) | 57 (44.5) | 53 (34.2) | 0.002 |
| Paracentral | 106 (37.5) | 53 (41.4) | 53 (34.2) | |
| Peripheral | 67 (23.7) | 18 (14.1) | 49 (31.6) | |
| Hypopyon | ||||
| Yes | 82 (29.0) | 60 (46.9) | 22 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 201 (71.0) | 68 (53.1) | 133 (85.8) | |
| Hospitalisation required | ||||
| Yes | 162 (57.2) | 95 (74.2) | 67 (43.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 121 (42.8) | 33 (25.8) | 88 (56.8) | |
| Duration of hospitalisation, days | 8.0 ± 8.3 | 8.8 ± 9.2 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | 0.06 |
| Need for surgical intervention | ||||
| Yes | 46 (16.3) | 21 (16.4) | 25 (16.1) | 0.95 |
| No | 237 (83.7) | 107 (83.6) | 130 (83.9) | |
OSD, Ocular surface disease; CDVA, Corrected-distance-visual-acuity.
Continuous values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Some patients had more than 1 risk factor identified.
Includes dry eye disease, meibomian gland disease, neurotrophic keratopathy, exposure keratopathy, previous corneal infection, corneal erosion syndrome, limbal stem cell deficiency, cicatricial conjunctivitis, band keratopathy, and bullous keratopathy.
Includes diabetes, use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs, malnutrition, and immunodeficiency.
Comparison between culture-positive and culture-negative cases. Chi-square and unpaired T-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Significant values are in bold.
Comparison between culture-proven and culture-negative cases are performed.