Table 2.
Index visit costs and healthcare resource utilization for adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy by age group
| Total population* | Age 18–29 years | Age 30–54 years | Age ≥55 years | p-value† | |
| (N = 446) | (n = 129) | (n = 163) | (n = 154) | ||
| Service category | |||||
| Inpatients, n | 157 | 47 | 52 | 58 | |
| Outpatients, n | 289 | 82 | 111 | 96 | |
| Resource utilization | |||||
| ED stay, n (%) | 168 (38) | 48 (37) | 59 (36) | 61 (40) | 0.81 |
| ICU stay, n (%) | 46 (29) | 24 (51) | 11 (21) | 11 (19) | < 0.001 |
| Inpatient length of stay, days | |||||
| n | 157 | 47 | 52 | 58 | |
| Mean±SD | 7.9±9.7 | 12.7±14.8 | 6.0±6.3 | 5.7±4.3 | < 0.001 |
| Median | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | |
| ICU length of stay, days | |||||
| n | 46 | 24 | 11 | 11 | |
| Mean±SD | 8.2±10.3 | 10.1±12.8 | 7.0±7.5 | 5.1±4.6 | 0.83 |
| Median | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 3 | |
| Costs‡ | |||||
| Total costs | |||||
| n | 428 | 122 | 156 | 150 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 4924.99±7992.57 | 6698.52±10,365.09 | 3553.06±6384.27 | 4909.33±6991.19 | 0.19 |
| Median, $ | 890.91 | 851.11 | 796.32 | 1203.49 | |
| ICU costs (inpatient only) | |||||
| n | 44 | 24 | 9 | 11 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 24,942.71±26,440.44 | 32,794.05±31,635.47 | 18,045.19±17,683.24 | 13,445.92±10,872.39 | 0.3 |
| Median, $ | 12,425.23 | 22,077.93 | 11,042.00 | 11,028.99 | |
| Non-ICU costs (inpatient only) | |||||
| n | 151 | 45 | 48 | 58 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 8985.26±8012.57 | 10,265.28±10,177.81 | 7636.34±5898.45 | 9108.49±7580.18 | 0.67 |
| Median, $ | 6431.81 | 6134.54 | 5794.51 | 7908.41 | |
| Room and board costs (inpatient only) | |||||
| n | 149 | 45 | 47 | 57 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 8039.01±9926.54 | 13,964.18±13,914.75 | 5527.58±6966.90 | 5432.07±5290.97 | 0.002 |
| Median, $ | 4062.21 | 7807.86 | 2973.67 | 3979.98 | |
| Pharmacy costs | |||||
| n | 221 | 67 | 71 | 83 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 858.76±1156.04 | 1271.59±1505.83 | 580.84±831.49 | 806.85±997.70 | 0.065 |
| Median, $ | 285.21 | 342.83 | 162.77 | 388.31 | |
| Central supply costs | |||||
| n | 147 | 44 | 43 | 60 | |
| Mean±SD, $ | 981.50±1652.23 | 1286.69±1880.23 | 824.59±1717.20 | 870.15±1406.98 | 0.025 |
| Median, $ | 251.6 | 493.35 | 122.14 | 350.09 |
ED = emergency department; ICU = intensive care unit; SD = standard deviation. All costs are in US dollars. *Cost n-values vary by type of cost and group as further clarified in the table. †P-values are derived from Kruskal-Wallis test and calculated for mean±SD. ‡Total costs included ICU, room and board, pharmacy, and central supply, but this is not an exhaustive list of departmental costs included in the total cost. Additionally, all costs were winsorized at the 95th percentile (across all age groups, not within each age group).