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. 2021 Aug 11;12:691651. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691651

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Copyright © 2021 Tan, Li, Liu, Tan, He, You, Leong, Liu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A conceptual figure of the Y-A-S framework. The Y-A-S triangle was arrayed on the combinations and represented a hypothesized particular system. The meaning of the three strategies, including the high yield (Y: maximizes growth efficiency as a result of reduced investments in stress tolerance and resource acquisition), the resource acquisition (A: preferential investment for optimized resource acquisition), and stress tolerance (S: preferential investment in stress tolerance mechanisms) (Malik et al., 2020).