Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Sample | Population/type of tooth | Index test | Target condition/outcome | Adjuncts | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charalampakis (2018) Retrospective cohort |
20 Class I patients; 398 teeth, both arches, mostly mild crowding | 3 men, 17 women; mean age 36.5 years; range 18.2–79.9 years; canines, premolars and incisors | ClinCheck® | Rotation following anterior aligner treatment, before refinement (Also: horizontal/vertical displacement, transverse changes) |
No restriction on attachment use/according to doctor’s prescription | Anterior Invisalign® (SmartTrack material); superimpositions made on virtual software based on stationary posterior teeth |
|
Grunheid (2017) Retrospective cohort |
30 patients; both arches, ~600 teeth mostly mild crowding | 13 men, 17 women; mean age 21.6± 9.8 years; all teeth | ClinCheck® | Rotation, following Invisalign treatment (also: tipping, torque, translation) | Attachment use and IPR as prescribed | Invisalign®; superimpositions based on best-fit surface-based registration |
| Haouili (2020) Prospective cohort |
38 patients; both arches, 899 teeth | 13 men, 25 women; included teenage patients; mean age 36 years; all teeth | ClinCheck® | Rotation, following Invisalign treatment (also: tipping, intrusion, extrusion) | Both arches average 6 attachments and <1 mm IPR | Invisalign®; superimpositions based on best-fit surface-based registration |
| Kravitz (2008) Prospective cohort |
31 patients (53 canines: 33 maxillary, 20 mandibular); anterior crowding <5 mm | 13 men, 18 women; age > 18 years (mean age 29.4 years); canines. Part of a larger clinical study | ClinCheck® | Rotation, following anterior aligner treatment | 3 groups: attachments only, IPR only, no attachments or IPR | Anterior Invisalign®; superimpositions made on virtual software based on stationary posterior teeth |
|
Kravitz (2009) Prospective cohort |
37 patients (401 maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines); anterior crowding <5 mm | 14 men, 23 women; mean age 31 years; canines and incisors | ClinCheck® | Rotation, following anterior aligner treatment (also: expansion, constriction, intrusion, extrusion, tipping) | No restriction on attachment use and IPR; use of IPR in 45% of sample, use of attachments in 17% according to doctor’s prescription | Anterior Invisalign®; superimpositions made on virtual software based on stationary posterior teeth |
|
Lombardo (2017) Retrospective cohort |
16 patients (345 maxillary and mandibular teeth); crowding <5 mm | 6 men, 10 women; mean age 28.6 years; all teeth | VAM software (Vectra, Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ, USA) |
Rotation following F22 aligner treatment (also: mesiodistal tipping, vestibulolingual tipping) | No restriction on attachment use and IPR according to doctor’s prescription | F22 aligners; superimpositions based on best-fit 100-reference point registration |
|
Simon (2014) Retrospective cohort |
30 patients (49 teeth, maxillary molars and incisors; maxillary and mandibular premolars) | 11 men, 19 women; included teenage patients; mean age 32.9 ±16.3 years; central incisors, premolars, molars | ClinCheck® | Rotation of premolars following Invisalign treatment (also: molar distalisation, central incisor torque) | Subgroups with ± attachment use | Invisalign®; superimpositions using a surface matching algorithm |
IPR, interproximal reduction.