Table 4.

Serum carnitine, acylcarnitines, and acylcarnitine ratios of groups

	Control subjects	T2D patients with hyperglycemia	KPD patients with DKA	T1D patients with DKA
N	17	21	52	21
Carnitine (µmol/L)	27.0 ± 1.9	25.0 ± 2.4	14.9 ± 1.7ab	15.1 ± 1.8ab
Acylcarnitine from fatty acids (µmol/L)
C16	0.072 ± 0.005	0.075 ± 0.009	0.129 ± 0.009ab	0.148 ± 0.018ab
C14	0.020 ± 0.003	0.019 ± 0.003	0.038 ± 0.005ab	0.055 ± 0.011ab
C8	0.134 ± 0.019	0.147 ± 0.031	0.228 ± 0.032	0.236 ± 0.040
C2	6.4 ± 0.46	13.4 ± 2.7	27.2 ± 2.7ab	26.8 ± 2.3ab
Acylcarnitine ratios
C16-to-C14 ratio	3.9 ± 0.19	4.4 ± 0.32	3.5 ± 0.32	4.3 ± 0.26
C16-to-C8 ratio	0.67 ± 0.08	0.89 ± 0.16	0.84 ± 0.11	1.01 ± 0.11
C16-to-C2 ratio	0.012 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.001a	0.006 ± 0.001a	0.006 ± 0.001a
C14-to-C8 ratio	0.182 ± 0.031	0.199 ± 0.028	0.254 ± 0.033	0.266 ± 0.047
C14-to-C2 ratio	0.003 ± 0.00	0.002 ± 0.000a	0.002 ± 0.000a	0.002 ± 0.000a
C8-to-C2 ratio	0.022 ± 0.004	0.011 ± 0.001a	0.009 ± 0.001a	0.009 ± 0.001a

Data are means ± SEM. Because data were not normally distributed, nonparametric one-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) was performed with post hoc Dunn multiple comparisons.

^aValue significantly different from that of control subjects (P < 0.05).

^bValue significantly different from that of T2D group (P < 0.05).