Table 1.
Characteristics of youth stratified for DKD risk using tertiles of uACR
| Parameters | Type 1 diabetes, low risk (<0.66 mg/mmol) | Type 1 diabetes, medium risk (0.67–1.16 mg/mmol)* | Type 1 diabetes, high risk (>1.16 mg/mmol)*# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No microalbuminuria (1.6 ± 0.3 mg/mmol*) | Microalbuminuria (7.6 ± 4.7 mg/mmol*#†) | Combined (3.5 ± 3.8 mg/mmol*#) | |||
| Age (years) | 20.1 ± 2.7 | 20.0 ± 2.8 | 19.7 ± 2.7 | 20.6 ± 3.9 | 20.0 ± 3.1 |
| Sex, N (% female) | 33 (36) | 33 (51) | 23 (57) | 11 (36)† | 34 (50) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 4.1 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 6.5 | 26.2 ± 7.5 | 25.7 ± 6.6 |
| Random BG (mmol/L) | 11.4 ± 4.5 | 11.6 ± 3.9 | 11.8 ± 5.4 | 12.6 ± 3.4 | 12.3 ± 4.7 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9.9 ± 4.9 | 11.4 ± 4.9 | 10.3 ± 6.5 | 12.0 ± 3.9 | 10.7 ± 5.8 |
| HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) | 8.0 ± 0.7, 64.0 ± 7.9 | 8.1 ± 0.8, 64.8 ± 8.3 | 8.4 ± 0.8, 68.2 ± 8.6* | 8.4 ± 1.3, 68.8 ± 13.9* | 8.4 ± 0.9, 68.7 ± 10.3* |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.5 ± 15.4 | 115.6 ± 8.8 | 113.9 ± 12.3 | 127.0 ± 18.6† | 117.3 ± 16.1 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 0.8 |
| eGFRCKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 134.7 ± 9.5 | 136.3 ± 8.1 | 138.4 ± 10.9 | 134.7 ± 11.1 | 137.8 ± 11.4 |
| eGFRSCHWARTZ (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 110.5 ± 16.1 | 116.5 ± 14.8 | 120.5 ± 20.0 | 112.0 ± 15.9 | 120.1 ± 22.6 |
Low risk, N = 33; medium risk, N = 33; and high risk, N = 34. The high-risk tertile is also divided for the presence or absence of microalbuminuria. Data are mean ± SD and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc testing. BG, blood glucose.
*
P < 0.05 vs. low-risk tertile.
#
P < 0.05 vs. medium-risk tertile, Mann-Whitney U test.
†
P < 0.05 vs. high-risk tertile with no microalbuminuria.