Table 1.
Monogenic diabetes genes
| Gene | T1D (n = 25–30) | Autoantibody+ (n = 20–24) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 18–22) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FD | P value | q value | FD | P value | q value | FD | P value | q value | |
| APPL1 | 1.97 | 0.056* | 0.029* | 1.08 | 0.223 | 0.078 | 1.01 | 0.491 | 0.141 |
| BSCL2 | 2.14 | 0.021 | 0.012 | 1.70 | 0.013 | 0.009 | 1.31 | 0.234 | 0.080 |
| CEL | 2.52 | 0.040 | 0.023 | 0.90 | 0.560 | 0.158 | 2.27 | 0.257 | 0.085 |
| DUT-M | 2.87 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1.16 | 0.657 | 0.174 | 5.91 | 0.178 | 0.067 |
| DUT-N | 4.07 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 2.29 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 3.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| EIF2AK3 | 8.32 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3.41 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 4.03 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| GATA4 | 4.35 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.71 | 0.431 | 0.127 | 1.37 | 0.242 | 0.081 |
| GATA6 | 2.99 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.243 | 0.081 | 1.84 | 0.208 | 0.076 |
| GLIS3 | 4.01 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 1.05 | 0.435 | 0.127 | 3.13 | 0.052* | 0.027* |
| HNF1A | 1.54 | 0.042 | 0.024 | 0.54 | 0.812 | 0.203 | 1.00 | 0.385 | 0.116 |
| HNF1B | 3.44 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.70 | 0.582 | 0.161 | 1.66 | 0.097 | 0.045 |
| HNF4A | 1.78 | 0.072* | 0.037* | 0.08 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 1.53 | 0.953 | 0.231 |
| ITCH | 2.81 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 2.54 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3.41 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| KLF11 | 2.12 | 0.021 | 0.012 | 0.42 | 0.243 | 0.081 | 1.25 | 0.670 | 0.174 |
| LRBA | 3.89 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.36 | 0.580 | 0.161 | 1.44 | 0.366 | 0.112 |
| MNX1 | 2.51 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 1.58 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 1.11 | 0.359 | 0.111 |
| NR0B2 | 1.88 | 0.037 | 0.022 | 1.04 | 0.497 | 0.141 | 2.41 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| PLAGL1 | 2.87 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1.14 | 0.624 | 0.168 | 1.56 | 0.155 | 0.062 |
| SIRT1 | 3.05 | 0.013 | 0.009 | 0.28 | 0.154 | 0.062 | 1.52 | 0.649 | 0.173 |
| STAT1 | 2.89 | 0.050* | 0.027* | 0.80 | 0.961 | 0.232 | 2.35 | 0.287 | 0.093 |
| STAT3 | 2.75 | 0.012 | 0.009 | 1.38 | 0.097 | 0.045* | 1.46 | 0.160 | 0.063 |
| STAT5B | 3.59 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 1.28 | 0.116 | 0.051 | 2.03 | 0.216 | 0.078 |
| TRMT10A | 2.25 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.65 | 0.442 | 0.128 | 0.69 | 0.219 | 0.078 |
| WFS1 | 4.41 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.89 | 0.767 | 0.193 | 1.35 | 0.207 | 0.076 |
Tabulated FDs, P values, and q values (estimation of false discovery rates) for the monogenic diabetes genes showing altered expression in T1D (left), autoantibody+ (middle), and type 2 diabetes (right) pancreata. Cq values from the unaffected (control) and T1D cohorts were independently normalized using the geometric mean of three pancreas-specific RGs, and the FD was calculated based on the ratio of the means (Research Design and Methods). See Research Design and Methods for statistical analysis (P values and q values). n refers to the number of independent pancreata in each cohort, and boldface type denotes genes showing altered expression relative to control donors: T1D, 24 altered genes out of a total of 45 monogenic diabetes genes; autoantibody+, 6 altered genes; and type 2 diabetes, 5 altered genes.
Genes for which either the P value (<0.05) or q value (≤0.024) approached significance.