Table 1.
Characteristics of electrical and structural remodeling in non-atrial fibrillation (AF), paroxysmal-AF, and persistent AF (PsAF) tissues, and simulated ACh concentrations.
| Non-AF | PxAF | PsAF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural remodeling | Fibrosis (Fu or Fnu) | 0% | 20% | 40% |
| (cm2/ms) at myocyte-myocyte | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | |
| reduction factor at myocyte-fibroblast | ∝0.25 | ∝0.25 | ||
| Transverse-to-longitudinal conductivity ratio | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Electrical remodeling | Ito | ∝1 | ∝1 | ∝0.5 |
| ICaL | ∝1 | ∝1 | ∝0.3 | |
| Ikur | ∝1 | ∝1 | ∝0.5 | |
| Parasympathetic effects | Non-ACh sites | ACh sites | ||
| ACh (μM) | 0 | 0.1 |