Table 1.
Demographics, baseline characteristics, and pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation information.
| Variable | Neurological complication group (n = 87) | Control group (n = 328) | p -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 61.0 [51.0, 66.0] | 55.0 [45.3, 63.8] | 0.002 |
| Older age (≥65 year) | 27 (31.0) | 80 (24.4) | 0.208 |
| Gender (male) | 56 (64.4) | 225 (68.6) | 0.453 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.7 | 23.7 ± 3.5 | 0.154 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 15 (17.2) | 30 (9.1) | 0.031 |
| Smoking | 35 (40.2) | 146 (44.5) | 0.460 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 47 (54.0) | 117 (35.7) | 0.002 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 (8.0) | 23 (7.0) | 0.746 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (23.0) | 63 (19.2) | 0.441 |
| Coronary artery disease | 48 (55.2) | 161 (49.1) | 0.325 |
| Peripheral arteria disease | 21 (24.1) | 36 (11.0) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.2) | 0.460 |
| Abnormal liver function | 0 | 4 (1.2) | 0.300 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (3.4) | 2 (0.6) | 0.031 |
| Preexisting neurological comorbidities | 8 (9.2) | 25 (7.6) | 0.630 |
| Pre-ECMO situation | |||
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 49 (56.3) | 187 (57.0) | 0.908 |
| CPR history before ECMO | 38 (43.7) | 68 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| Lowest SBP (mmHg) | 70.0 [65.0, 80.0] | 80.0 [75.0, 80.0] | <0.001 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 256.0 [198.0, 311.0] | 243.0 [189.0, 289.0] | 0.177 |
| Pre-ECMO cardiac procedures | |||
| CABG | 41 (47.1) | 122 (37.2) | 0.092 |
| Valve replacement | 20 (23.0) | 85 (25.9) | 0.577 |
| Aortic surgery | 7 (8.0) | 14 (4.3) | 0.153 |
| CHD repair | 2 (2.3) | 10 (3.0) | 0.711 |
| CABG and valve replacement | 7 (8.0) | 36 (11.0) | 0.425 |
| CABG and aortic surgery | 6 (6.9) | 4 (1.2) | 0.002 |
| CABG and CHD repair | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0.606 |
| Valve replacement and CHD repair | 0 | 9 (2.7) | 0.118 |
| Valve replacement and aortic surgery | 0 | 5 (1.5) | 0.247 |
| CABG combined valve replacement and CHD repair | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0.606 |
| CABG combined valve replacement and aortic surgery | 1 (1.1) | 2 (0.6) | 0.597 |
| CABG combined aortic surgery and CHD repair | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0.606 |
| Heart transplantation | 0 | 23 (7.0) | 0.011 |
| Atrial/ventricular thrombus clearance | 3 (3.4) | 10 (3.0) | 0.849 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 10 (3.0) | 0.099 |
| Re-operation | 1 (1.1) | 9 (2.7) | 0.389 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD, number (%) or median [27th−75th percentile interquartile range].
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; SBP, systolic blood pressure, CHD, congenital heart disease.