Table 1.
Key microRNAs and their roles in AML.
| MicroRNAs with context-dependent roles | ||
|---|---|---|
| miR | Significance | Reference no. |
| miR-9a | Overexpression in KMT2A-rearranged AML associates with oncogenic role | (23) |
| Overexpression in pediatric AML with t(8;21) associates with tumor suppressor role | (24) | |
| miR-125b | Level of expression (high vs low) promotes either lymphoid or myeloid malignancies | (25) |
| miR-126 | (26) | |
| miR-155 | High level of over expression (>10-fold) associates with tumor suppressor role. Low or intermediate levels of overexpression associate with tumor promotor role. | (27) |
| MicroRNA expression patterns in specific AML subtypes | ||
| miR(s) | Significance | Reference no. |
| miR-10a, miR-10b, miR-196a and miR-196b (HOX cluster) | Upregulated in NPM1-mutated AML | (28) |
| miR-155, miR-144 and miR-451 | Overexpression of miR-155 and lower expression of miR-144 and miR-451 observed in CN-AML with FLT3-ITD. | (29) |
| MicroRNAs that associate with response to chemotherapy or transplant | ||
| miR(s) | Significance | Reference no. |
| miR-29b | High pre-treatment expression levels associate with improved responses to decitabine | (30) |
| miR-29c | Low expression levels predict for improved response to azacitidine and high levels associate with relapse. | (31) |
| miR-126 | Low expression associates with worse response rates to azacitidine. | (32) |
| miR-99a | High expression associates with worse survival post-transplant | (33) |
| miR-425 | High expression associates with improved response to consolidation chemotherapy and low expression associates with better response to transplant. | (34) |
| MicroRNAs with prognostic relevance | ||
| miR | Significance | Reference no. |
| miR-155 | High expression in CN-AML associates with lower complete remission rates and overall survival | (35) |
| miR-181 | High expression in CN-AML associates with higher remission rates and overall survival, especially in patients with NPM1 mutations and FLT3-ITD. | (36, 37) |
| miR-25 | Higher levels associated with improved survival | (37) |
| miR-362 | Higher levels associated with worse overall survival | (37) |
| MicroRNAs that have been studied as therapeutic targets | ||
| miR | Significance | Reference no. |
| miR-126 | Targetable with nanoparticle compound antagomiR-126 | (38–40) |
| miR-29b | Transferrin-conjugated nanoparticle drug delivery system shown to increase miR-29b levels to enhance responses to treatment | (41) |
| miR-155 | Targetable with NEDD8 inhibitors and Silvestrol | (42) |
| miR-150 | Targetable with FLT3 guided-mmiR-150 nanoparticles | (43) |
CN-AML, cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.