Table 3.
Multivariate risk estimates (ORs) for all participants in the positive MDQVR composite scale (MDQVR+) group compared with the negative (MDQVR–) group adjusted for age, sex, and CDR-SB.
| MDQVR+, mean (SD) | MDQVR–, mean (SD) | ORs | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 119 | 158 | ||
| Age, year | 76.2 (7.2) | 75.8 (9.1) | NA | |
| CDR-SB | 7.5 (4.4) | 4.2 (3.8) | NA | |
| Female, N (%) | 90 (54.2) | 69 (50.0) | NA | |
| CASI | 48.8 (22.8) | 61.3 (22.9) | 1.01 | NS |
| MoCA | 8.9 (5.9) | 12.5 (7.4) | 1.01 | NS |
| NPI-sum | 14.1 (12.1) | 7.9 (9.9) | 1.03 | 0.048 |
| NPI-burden | 6.6 (6.0) | 3.5 (5.1) | 1.06 | 0.037 |
| UPDRS-m | 34.4 (19.4) | 17.6 (14.3) | 1.06 | <0.001 |
| Fluctuation, N (%) | 74 (62.2) | 29 (18.4) | 4.56 | <0.001 |
| VH, N (%) | 42 (35.3) | 21 (13.3) | 2.12 | 0.024 |
| RBD, N (%) | 56 (47.1) | 31 (19.6) | 3.41 | <0.001 |
| Parkinsonism | 112 (94.1) | 68 (43.0) | 23.3 | <0.001 |
| SBR | 0.96 (0.38) | 1.64 (0.45) | 1.06 | <0.001 |
| LED | 208.7 (204.5) | 69.9 (125.3) | 1.01 | 0.001 |
ORs, odds ratio; MDQVR, the composite scale of MDQ and DAT VR scale; CDR-SB, Sum of Boxes of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale; N, number of participants; NA, not applicable; NS, non-significance; CASI, Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NPI-sum, sum score of Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NPI-burden, caregiver burden score of neuropsychiatric inventory; UPDRS-m, the motor score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; Fluctuation, fluctuation of cognition; VH, visual hallucinations; RBD, REM sleep behavior disorder; SBR, striatal–background ratio of dopamine transporter imaging; LED, levodopa equivalent dose.