Table 1.

Experimental rat and mice model for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Method of induction	Model animal	Description	References
Chemical induction	Alloxan induced model	Selective inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin secretion	[41]
	Streptozotocin induced model	Damages the pancreatic β cell thereby causing hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia	[164]
Spontaneous auto immune	NOD mice	Polygenic model of Type 1 Diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia and leukocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islet of Langerhans	[11]
	BB rats	Spontaneously develop hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis that characterize the clinical onset of Type I Diabetes	[11]
	KDP rats	Spontaneous animal model with nonsense mutation in the Cblb and is a model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes	[68]
	LETL	Spontaneously developed autoimmune diabetes model without lymphopenia	[67]
	LEW-iddm	Spontaneously develops insulin dependent autoimmune diabetes through pancreatic β cell apoptosis	[11]
Genetically induced	AKITA mice	Genetically induced monogenic model that develops insulin dependent diabetes	[11]
	Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats	Developed with missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene. It develops obesity without diabetes and is used in the study of type 2 diabetes	[165]
	db/db	Diabetic model of type 2 diabetes having a mutation in the gene encoding leptin receptor	[165]
	GK rats	Polygenic model that develops adult onset type 2 diabetes earlier in their life	[166]
	Zucker fatty rats	Genetic obese model characterized by hyperlipidaemia and hypoinsulinemia	[167]
Genetically engineered	KK mouse	Polygenic diabetic model that exhibit type 2 diabetes associated with hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and microalbuminaria	[168]
	Obese hyperglycemic mice	Used as Obesity model since these are overweight and hyperphagic from its young age and lack functional leptin	[167]
Surgical	Pancreatectomy model	Resemble type 2 diabetes since pancreatic beta cell mass gets reduced when certain percentage of pancreas is removed	[169]
Virus induced	Coxsackie B virus induced model	Develops insulin dependent diabetes mellitus as a result of re stimulation of resulting auto reactive T cells	[170]
	EMC virus induced model	Develops Diabetes mellitus by selective destruction of β cells	[171]