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. 2021 Aug 24;19:169. doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-01101-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7. — Nuclear interactions in “compatible” and “incompatible” V. dahliae heterokaryons. a Gradual accumulation of sGFP signal in mCherry-labeled nuclei in heterokaryotic cells between strains Ls.17 H1-mCherry × Cf.38 H1-sGFP (“compatible”), and Ls.17 H1-mCherry × PH H1-sGFP (“incompatible”). Arrowheads: recipient nuclei. b Putative nuclear fusion (arrowhead) in strain Ls.17 Δatg1. Bars in a, b = 5 μm. c Schematic representation of the possible fates of a non-self cell fusion in V. dahliae. Fused cells can remain viable or be subjected to an incompatibility-triggered reaction. Division of rare hypothetical fused nuclei in viable heterokaryotic cells could generate distinct nuclear lineages in mosaic colonies. d Nuclei of “incompatible” (Ls.17 H1-mCherry × BB sGFP, Ls.17 H1-mCherry × PH sGFP) and self-pairing control (Ls.17 H1-mCherry × Ls.17 sGFP) heterokaryons following growth under non-selective conditions. Bars = 10 μm