Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (N = 47)
| Demographic Variable | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Parent Education Levela | |
| 8th grade or less | 0 |
| Some high school | 1 |
| GED | 1 |
| High school diploma | 1 |
| Some college | 13 |
| 2 year or professional degree | 5 |
| 4 year college degree | 9 |
| Advanced degree | 17 |
| Household Income Levelb | |
| < $15,000 | 5 |
| $15,000-30,000 | 7 |
| $30,000-45,000 | 3 |
| $45,000-60,000 | 0 |
| $60,000-75000 | 2 |
| $75,000-90,000 | 6 |
| > $ 90,000 | 23 |
| Child Sex | |
| Male | 22 |
| Female | 25 |
| Child Race | |
| American Indian | 0 |
| Asian | 0 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 |
| Black or African-American | 4 |
| White | 34 |
| More than One Race | 8 |
| Other | 1 |
| Birth Order | |
| First born | 26 |
| Later born | 21 |
a
Parent education was reported as the highest level attained on a eight-point scale (i.e., 1 = 8th grade or less; 8 = advanced degree). Using this categorical information, we created a continuous variable to calculate years of parent education for our analyses to examine relations between early gesture and language development. We coded 10 years if the parent did not graduate high school, 12 if the parent obtained a high school diploma or GED, 14 if the parent had some college (but no degree) or two-year or professional degree, 16 if the parent had a four-year college degree, and 18 if the parent obtained an advanced degree.
b
One family did not report the income.