Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations among Gestures, Language Skills, and Covariates

	Mean	SD	Range	Correlations with 18-month Mullen	Correlations with 18-month CDI Production	Correlations with 18-month CDI Comprehension
Shows+Gives
10 Months	0.83	1.51	0-6	0.39*	0.41**	0.10
12 Months	2.87	3.24	0-12	0.06	0.08	0.14
14 Months	3.70	4.95	0-19	0.15	−0.05	−0.14
16 Months	6.12	7.83	0-41	−0.03	−0.17	−0.19
Points
10 Months	1.38	3.78	0-22	0.01	0.14	0.17
12 Months	2.36	3.36	0-13	0.23	0.22	0.09
14 Months	8.56	12.12	0-62	0.48**	0.43**	0.35*
16 Months	8.43	9.44	0-42	0.49**	0.48**	0.34*
Covariates
Parent Education	15.53	2.14	10-18	0.32*	−0.04	−0.19
Child Vocabularya
10 Months	8.93	7.91	0-34	0.05	0.33*	0.57***
12 Months	21.21	12.74	2-48	0.14	0.39*	0.52***
14 Months	3.00	3.39	0-13	0.42**	0.47**	0.40*
16 Months	8.95	8.85	0-28	0.80***	0.77***	0.49**
Child Sex	-	-	-	−0.01	−0.11	−0.22
Child Birth Order	-	-	-	−0.21	−0.11	−0.01
Intervention Group	-	-	-	−0.02	0.15	0.14

Note.

^aChild vocabulary was measured using the CDI comprehension scores at 10 and 12 months because children mostly vocalize and do not produce words at these ages. At 14 and 16 months, child vocabulary was measured using speech (word types) derived from the interactions.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001