Fig. 1.

OMVs inhibit the growth of S. mutans. The antimicrobial activity of OMVs against S. mutans was evaluated on (A) agar plates and in (B) planktonic cultures. PBS (left side, 10 µL) or OMVs (right side, 10 µg suspended in 10 µL PBS) were spot plated onto agar streaked with S. mutans and incubated for 24 h to determine growth inhibition. For planktonic cultures, overnight cultures of S. mutans were diluted 1:1000 in broth and treated with 0.2, 1, or 2 µg OMVs or PBS in a total volume of 100 µL. OD₆₀₀ was monitored for up to 12 h. The curves were compared using a Chi-squared test, see Methods. (**** p < 0.0001)