Table 1.

Types of COVID-19 vaccines.

Vaccine Type	MOA/effect	Examples
mRNA vaccines (Jackson et al., 2020; Polack et al., 2020)	○ Have the genetic code for the coronavirus ‘spike’ protein made as an “mRNA” and delivered in lipid nanoparticles	Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty) Moderna (Spikevax)
Non-replicating viral vector vaccines (Sadoff et al., 2021; Folegatti et al., 2020; Logunov et al., 2021)	○ Have the spike protein genes in a nonreplicating viral vector (commonly from an adenovirus).	AstraZeneca/Oxford (Vaxzevria) Gamaleya Research Institute (Sputnik V) Johnson and Johnson (Janssen COVID-19 vaccine)
Inactivated virus vaccines (Wang et al., 2020)	○ Use an inactivated form of the whole coronavirus.	Sinovac (CoronaVac) Sinopharm (Sinopharm CNBG)
Protein vaccines (Keech et al., 2020)	Contains the full-length spike glycoprotein of the virus plus an adjuvant delivered on the surface of synthetic lipid nanoparticles.	Novavax (NVX-CoV2373)