Table 1.
Baseline demographics and patient characteristics (N=243,332).
| Characteristics | Values | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.8 (15.3) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | |||
|
|
Male | 109,678 (45.1) | |
|
|
Female | 133,654 (54.9) | |
| Race or ethnicity, n (%) | |||
|
|
White, non-Hispanic | 215,950 (88.7) | |
|
|
Black, non-Hispanic | 9463 (3.9) | |
|
|
Asian, non-Hispanic | 6621 (2.7) | |
|
|
Native American, non-Hispanic | 1161 (0.5) | |
|
|
Hispanic | 7730 (3) | |
|
|
Other or unspecified | 2767 (1.1) | |
| Baseline BMI category (kg/m2)a, n (%) | |||
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) | 3000 (1.2) | |
|
|
Normal (18.5-24.9) | 72,803 (29.9) | |
|
|
Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 77,869 (32) | |
|
|
Class 1 obesity (30.0-34.9) | 48,213 (19.8) | |
|
|
Class 2 obesity (35.0-39.9) | 23,371 (9.6) | |
|
|
Class 3 obesity (>40) | 18,076 (7.4) | |
| Insurance type, n (%) | |||
|
|
Commercial | 191,697 (78.8) | |
|
|
Medicare | 31,778 (5.7) | |
|
|
Medicaid | 6032 (2.5) | |
|
|
Other or unspecified | 13,825 (5.7) | |
| Prevalence of comorbidities, n (%) | |||
|
|
Anxiety | 33,984 (14) | |
|
|
Coronary artery disease | 9543 (3.9) | |
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease | 3076 (1.3) | |
|
|
Chronic pain | 14,479 (6) | |
|
|
Depression | 32,210 (13.2) | |
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux | 29,512 (12.1) | |
|
|
Hyperlipidemia | 59,097 (24.3) | |
|
|
Hypertension | 52,365 (21.5) | |
|
|
Obstructive sleep apnea | 13,746 (5.6) | |
|
|
Osteoarthritis | 21,408 (8.8) | |
|
|
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 18,182 (7.5) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Active smoker | 34,328 (14.1) | |
|
|
Former smoker | 64,331 (26.4) | |
|
|
Passive smoker | 2746 (1.1) | |
|
|
Nonsmoker | 139,753 (57.4) | |
aThe mean baseline BMI was 29.1 kg/m2 (SD 7.0 kg/m2).