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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jun 8;207:106747. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106747

Table 3.

Neurocognitive Performance of Grouped by DBS Surgery Decision

Measures DBS Surgery Conference Decision Test Statistics
Eligible (n=21) Not Eligible (n =11)
M (SD) Mz M (SD) Mz t (d) p a
Global Cognition
OTBM b −0.4 (0.6) -- −0.8 (0.5) -- 2.16 (0.82) .020
 DRS-2 Total Score 129.3 (12.0) −0.8 127.7 (13.8) −1.0 0.31 (0.12) .378
Attention
 DRS-2 Attention 35.1 (0.9) 0.0 33.7 (3.2) −0.1 1.63 (0.58) .058
 Digit Span Forward 9.2 (2.4) −0.3 8.5 (1.0) −0.6 1.04 (0.43) .153
 Digit Span Backward 5.9 (1.9) −1.0 4.0 (1.8) −1.6 2.65 (1.00) .007
Expressive Language
 Phonemic Fluency 30.9 (12.2) −0.9 20.4 (11.2) −1.7 2.37 (0.90) .013
 Semantic Fluency 17.9 (7.4) −0.4 13.8 (5.5) −1.0 1.61 (0.63) .059
Visuospatial
 DRS-2 Construction 5.6 (1.3) 0.0 4.9 (1.9) −0.4 1.19 (0.46) .123
Verbal Reasoning
 DRS-2 Conceptualization 34.1 (3.1) −0.6 33.0 (4.3) −0.4 0.77 (0.30) .225
Memory
 DRS-2 Memory 21.6 (3.0) −0.8 21.8 (1.9) −0.8 −0.17 (0.07) .435
 CVLT-II Trials 1-5 44.0 (11.8) −0.1 37.9 (14.9) −0.8 1.24 (0.45) .112
 CVLT-II Trial B 4.4 (2.3) −0.7 3.0 (2.1) −1.4 1.65 (0.63) .055
 CVLT-II SDFR 9.4 (3.8) 0.1 6.2 (4.3) −1.2 2.15 (0.79) .020
 CVLT-II LDFR 9.6 (4.0) −0.3 6.7 (4.9) −1.1 1.78 (0.64) .043
 CVLT-II Total Discriminability 2.8 (0.8) −0.1 2.7 (0.8) −0.3 0.19 (0.07) .427
 10/36 Spatial IR 18.0 (5.1) −0.2 18.0 (4.3) 0.0 0.00 (0.00) .500
 10/36 Spatial DR 6.1 (2.4) 0.0 6.4 (1.9) 0.3 −0.34 (0.14) .368
Executive Functioning
 DRS-2 Initiation/Perseveration 32.9 (6.4) −0.3 33.7 (5.9) −0.3 0.33 (0.13) .372
 WCST 64 Categories c 2.7 (1.9) 79% 1.8 (1.2) 82% 1.39 (0.55) .088
 WCST 64 Total Errors 20.8 (10.7) −0.4 31.6 (8.5) −1.4 −2.85 (1.11) .004
 WCST 64 Perseverative Resp. 15.0 (13.8) −0.3 28.5 (16.2) −1.5 −2.41 (0.89) .012

Note. DBS=Deep brain stimulation; Mz is the mean of norm-calibrated z-scores. t=Independent t-test test statistic with corresponding significance (p) and effect size (d). DRS-2=Dementia Rating Scale, 2nd ed; CVLT-II=California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd ed.; SDFR=short delay free recall; LDFR=long delay free recall; 10/36 Spatial IR and DR=10/36 Spatial Recall Test, Immediate Recall and Delayed Recall, respectively; WCST=Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, 64 card version.

a

p values are 1-tailed to reflect directional hypotheses for cognitive variable analyses.

b

OTBM scores are based on the mean of norm calibrated z-scores across all cognitive data, barring WCST 64 Categories.

c

In place of norm-calibrated scores, % within normal limits (based on normative data) shown for WCST 64 Categories.