Figure 2.

Diabetes and cellular senescence. Aging and obesity induce inflammation and cellular senescence in pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. Senescence of β-cells results in β-cell dysfunction and decreased insulin exocytosis. Senescence of adipocytes leads to ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Together these contribute to progression of T2D. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial senescence plays a major role in development of various diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular complications. Figure created with BioRender.com.