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. 2021 Sep;27(9):2434–2444. doi: 10.3201/eid2709.204395

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This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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Mean antimicrobial use administered in ovo or subcutaneously at broiler chicken hatcheries or through feed, by isolation of bacterial species, Canada, 2013–2019. A) Salmonella; B) Escherichia coli; C) Campylobacter. Route of administration in each panel: top, in ovo or subcutaneous injections; bottom, feed. Mean antimicrobial use is color coded: lincosamides, in light blue; overall, in black; third-generation cephalosporins, in yellow; orthosomycins, in brown; penicillins, in purple; streptomycin, in cyan; and macrolides, in green. Antimicrobials are represented only if significantly (p<0.05) changing over time. The antimicrobial use trend through water is not represented because no statistically significant differences were found.