Table 1. Countries from which Clostridioides difficile 078 isolates originated, their identified sources, and date of collection*.
| Origin and source of isolates | Timeframe of collection | No. isolates |
|---|---|---|
| Ireland (11) | ||
| HA-CDI | 2012‒2016 | 48† |
| Porcine | 2014–2015 | 20 |
| CA-CDI |
2015 Apr–Jun |
5 |
| Netherlands (10) | ||
| CDI | 2002–2011 | 31 |
| Porcine | 2009, 2011 | 20 |
| Healthy farmers |
2011 |
16 |
| EUCLID (8), HA-CDI | 2012 Dec‒2013 Aug | |
| Germany | 9 | |
| Italy | 7 | |
| United Kingdom | 4 | |
| France | 3 | |
| Portugal | 3 | |
| Ireland | 2 | |
| Spain | 1 | |
| Greece | 1 | |
| Austria | 1 |
*CDI, C. difficile infection; EUCLID, European, Multi-Center, Prospective, Biannual, Point-Prevalence Study of Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Diarrhea; HA-CDI, hospital-associated CDI. †Includes 9 isolates from HA-CDI cases (11).