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. 2020 Oct 13;115(4):720–775. [Article in Portuguese] doi: 10.36660/abc.20201047

Table 3. Evaluation of severe mitral stenosis symptoms.

Symptoms
Dyspnea
(NYHA FC II to IV)

  • Main symptom

  • Initially with situations that increase pulmonary capillary pressure (physical exertion, atrial fibrillation, or pregnancy)

  • Resting dyspnea and nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea

  • May be accompanied by palpitations, hemoptysis, dysphonia, dysphagia, cough

  • May be accompanied by embolic events (cerebral, mesenteric, or extremities)

FC: functional class; NYHA: New York Heart Association.