Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the group.
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Ca: calcium, ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers, OAD: oral antidiabetic drug.
| Variables | Group 1 (n=49) | Group 2 (n=50) | Group 3 (n=39) | Total (n=138) | p-Value |
| Age (years) | 56.7±10 | 67.48±8.1 | 66.4±9.6 | 62.09±10.5 | 0.000 |
| Male % | 19(38.7%) | 31(62%) | 32(82.1%) | 82(58.7%) | 0.000 |
| Female % | 30(61.2%) | 19(38%) | 7(17.9%) | 57(41.3%) | 0.000 |
| Heart failure % | 2(4.08%) | 10(20%) | 4(10.2%) | 16(11.6%) | 0.045 |
| COPD % | 10(20.4%) | 6(12%) | 7(17.9%) | 23(16.7%) | 0.516 |
| Stroke % | 2(4.08%) | 1(2%) | 0(0%) | 3(2.2%) | 0.425 |
| Hypertension % | 37(75.5%) | 48(96%) | 36(92.3%) | 121(87.7%) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15(30.6%) | 25(50%) | 12(30.7%) | 52(37.6%) | 0.358 |
| Medical treatment | |||||
| Beta blocker % | 25(51%) | 49(98%) | 32(82.1%) | 106(76.8%) | 0.000 |
| Ca-channel blocker % | 15(30.6%) | 19(38%) | 14(35.8%) | 48(34.8%) | 0.732 |
| ACE-I/ARBs % | 33(67.3%) | 48(96%) | 35(89.7%) | 116(84.1%) | 0.000 |
| Diuretic % | 26(53.06%) | 39(78%) | 27(69.2%) | 92(66.7%) | 0.029 |
| OAD % | 15(30.6%) | 23(46%) | 19(48.7%) | 57(41.3%) | 0.161 |
| Insulin % | 5(10.2%) | 16(32%) | 14(35.8%) | 35(25.4%) | 0.009 |