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. 2021 Aug 25;95(18):e00600-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00600-21

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This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted noncommercial re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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FIG 5 — Mutual influence between host responses and viral reproduction. Gene expression changes (log₂fold changes) validated by qRT-PCR, including (A) oxidative phosphorylation-related genes, (B) sirtuin-related genes, (C) cholesterol, valine, and fatty acid metabolism-related genes, (D) TNF-related genes, (E) cytokines, and (F) others. (G) Valine and cholesterol treatment affects the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2. Compared to the expression of uninfected cells in panels A to F (located on the lateral axis) or the untreated negative control (NC in panel G), significant differences are determined using Student’s t test and marked by asterisks; *, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01.