Overexpression of HDAC1 inhibited porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication. (A) Fluorescent microscopic detection of GFP expression in IPEC-J2HDAC1 cells. Mock cells were used as a control. Bar, 40 μm. (B) Overexpression of HDAC1-Flag in IPEC-J2HDAC1 cells, as detected by anti-HDAC1 or anti-Flag antibodies. The cells were transfected with the plasmid CD513B as a control. (C) Transcription level of HDAC1 detected by qRT-PCR in the cells transfected as in panel B. (D) HDAC1 and N protein expression in IPEC-J2HDAC1 cells and control cells infected with PEDV. Anti-HDAC1, anti-Flag, and anti-N antibodies were used for Western blotting. Cells without vector transfection and PEDV infection were included (Mock). (E and F) Densitometric analysis of HDAC1/β-actin and PEDV N/β-actin of panel D. (G) Transcription of PEDV N in the cells treated as described for panel D by qRT-PCR. Data were shown as means ± SD from three independent experiments for panels C, E, F, and G. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.