Table 2.

Percentage change in IMI (A) and bladder capacity (B) from baseline with different optogenetic stimulation frequencies based on sex

Optogenetic stimulation	CRH-ChR2 female mice (n = 7)		CRH-ChR2 male mice (n = 8)
	Percentage of baseline IMIa (mean ± SEM)	p value (vs baseline)	Percentage of baseline IMIa (mean ± SEM)	p value (vs baseline)
Baseline	100		100
2 Hz	103.2 ± 2.1	0.70	96.6 ± 4.2	0.99
25 Hz	181.4 ± 13.3	0.001	141.6 ± 11.4	0.003
50 Hz	218.1 ± 14.8	<0.001	161.1 ± 11.1	<0.001
	CRH-ChR2 female mice (n = 7)		CRH-ChR2 male mice (n = 8)
Optogenetic stimulation	Percentage of baseline bladder capacityb (mean ± SEM)	p value (vs baseline)	Percentage of baseline bladder capacityb (mean ± SEM)	p value (vs baseline)
Baseline	100		100
2 Hz	102.9 ± 2.0	0.72	96.6 ± 4.2	0.99
25 Hz	181.8 ± 13.0	0.001	141.4 ± 11.4	0.006
50 Hz	218.4 ± 34.5	<0.001	160.8 ± 10.4	<0.001

^aUsing the baseline (no stimulation) IMI as a reference point, the change in IMI as a percentage of this baseline are shown for both female (n = 7) and male (n = 8) CRH-ChR2 mice. For both female and male mice, the mean percentage of baseline IMI increased significantly at 25 and 50 Hz but not at 2 Hz. Furthermore, the percentage change in IMI at higher frequencies for the female mice were significantly greater than the percentage change in IMI at higher frequencies in male mice (two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for effect of sex on percentage change of IMI: F_(1,13) = 10.5, p = 0.006). A least-squares model found an effect of sex on percentage change of IMI at 25 Hz (p = 0.04) and 50 Hz (p = 0.006).

^bSimilar results were seen comparing percentage of baseline bladder capacity at each optogenetic stimulation frequency based on sex. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed an effect of sex (F_(1,13) = 10.5, p = 0.006). A least-squares analysis found that female mice had larger changes in percentage of baseline bladder capacity compared with male mice at 25 Hz (p = 0.04) and 50 Hz (p = 0.006).