Table 3.
Main outcomes from each study (N = 13).
| Study (1st author, year, country) | Operation time (minutes) | Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | Quality of reduction (rate of good/excellent) | Other clinical outcomes | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ansari, 2020, India [33] | Group E: 184 (39) Group C: 246 (44) |
Group E: 664 (186) Group C: 936 (198) |
Group E: 11 (91.7%) Group C: 11 (73.3%) |
Function of hip joint (score): Group E: 79.7 (13.7) Group C: 83.4 (12.3); p = 0.23 Number of intraoperative fluoroscopy: Group E: 22.0 (5.6) Group C: 62.0 (16.5); p < 0.05 |
Rate: Group E: 2 (16.7%) Group C: 4 (26.7%) Included: surgical site infection (in both groups), sciatic nerve palsy, and avascular necrosis of femoral head |
| Chen, 2019, China [34] | Group E: 158 (20) Group C: 187 (36) |
Group E: 696 (167) Group C: 834 (227) |
Group E: 25 (89.3%) Group C: 19 (79.2%) |
Function of hip joint-rate of excellent/good: Group E: 24 (85.7%) Group C: 18 (75.0%) |
/ |
| Downey, 2020, Ireland [35] | Group E: 130 (62) Group C: 122 (57) |
Group E: 825 (724) Group C: 690 (583) |
/ | Radiation exposure (mGy/cm2): Group E: 1078 (800) Group C: 727 (349); p > 0.05 No group difference in postsurgery healthy status (e.g., mobility, self-care, and depression) |
|
| Hsu, 2019, Taiwan (China) [36] | Group E: 199 (50) Group C: 274 (81) |
Group E: 433 (317) Group C: 958 (427) |
Group E: 11 (91.7%) Group C: 14 (82.4%) |
Instrumentation time (minutes): Group E: 43 (11) Group C: 99 (15) |
Rate: Group E: 2 (16.7%) Group C: 5 (29.4%) Included: Group E: avascular necrosis of femoral head and superior gluteal artery injury Group C: heterotopic ossification, sciatic nerve injury, traumatic arthritis |
| Huang, 2020, China [37] | Group E: 131 (29) Group C: 206 (35) |
Group E: 500 (400: 800) Group C: 1050 (950: 1200) |
Group E: 16 (80%) Group C: 6 (30%) |
Instrumentation time (minutes): Group E: 32 (10) Group C: 58 (15) Time of intraoperative fluoroscopy (seconds): Group E: 4.2 (1.8) Group C: 7.7 (2.6); p < 0.001 Function of hip joint-rate of excellent/good: Group E: 15 (75%) Group C: 6 (30%) |
Rate: Group E: 1 (5%) Group C: 5 (25%) Included: Group E: heterotopic ossification 2 months after the operation Group C: inflammatory response, heterotopic ossification, iatrogenic neurological symptoms, traumatic arthritis |
| Li, 2019, Taiwan (China) [38] | Group E: 212 (52) Group C: 254 (34) |
Group E: 736 (614) Group C: 742 (229) |
Group E: 7 (100%) Group C: 7 (77.8%) |
Instrumentation time (minutes): Group E: 38 (11) Group C: 72 (10) |
Rate: Group E: 2 (28.6%) Group C: 5 (55.6%) Included: Case: avascular necrosis of femoral head and superior gluteal artery injury Control: avascular necrosis of femoral head, heterotopic ossification, and traumatic arthritis |
| Maini, 2018, India [39] | Group E: 32 (41) Group C: 120 (38) |
Group E: 620 (247) Group C: 720 (286) |
Group E: 8 (80%) Group C: 7 (64%) |
/ | / |
| Maini, 2018, India [40] | Group E: 111 (38)∗ Group C: 119 (31)∗ |
Group E: 467 (129)∗ Group C: 525 (211)∗ |
Group E: 9 (75%) Group C: 8 (61%) |
||
| Öztürk, 2020, Turkey [41] | Group E: 181 (9) Group C: 200 (16) |
Group E: 403 (53) Group C: 607 (53) |
Group E: 8 (89%) Group C: 6 (78%) |
Instrumentation time (minutes): Group E: 36 (4) Group C: 57 (11) Number of intraoperative fluoroscopy: Group E: 6.0 (0.9) Group C: 10.4 (2.2); p < 0.05 |
No serious complications during follow-up |
| Wan, 2019, China [42] | Group E: 211 (55) Group C: 296 (66) |
Group E: 1147 (235) Group C: 1832 (268) |
Group E: 39 (81.3%) Group C: 37 (77.1%) |
Number of intraoperative fluoroscopy: Group E: 6.8 (1.6) Group C: 12.4 (2.1); p < 0.001 Function of hip joint-rate of excellent/good: Group E: 42 (87.5%) Group C: 40 (83.3%) |
Rate: Group E: 5 (10.4%) Group C: 18 (37.5%) Included: Inflammatory response, ectopic ossification, iatrogenic neurological symptoms, traumatic arthritis |
| Wang, 2020, China [43] | Group E: 142 (53) Group C: 171 (41) |
Group E: 880 (673) Group C: 1177 (692) |
Group E: 14 (93.3%) Group C: 31 (88.6%) |
/ | Rate: Group E: 1 (6.7%) Group C: 5 (14.3%) Included: Loose of public screw (Group E), surgical site infection, DVT, traumatic arthritis, obturator nerve injury |
| Wang, 2020, China [44] | Group E: 212 (63) Group C: 264 (56) |
Group E: 654 (126) Group C: 874 (536) |
Group E: 35 (85.4%) Group C: 38 (78.8%) |
Function of hip joint-rate of excellent/good: Group E: 34 (83.0%) Group C: 33 (70.2%) |
Rate: Group E: 23 (56.1%) Group C: 25 (44.6%) Included: Venous thromboembolism, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, infection, arthritis, avascular necrosis, heterotopic ossification |
| Wu, 2020, China [45] | Group E: 223 (45) Group C: 261 (57) |
Group E: 930 (523) Group C: 1426 (733) |
Group E: 18 (90%) Group C: 20 (87%) |
Function of hip joint-rate of excellent/good: Group E: 18 (90%) Group C: 19 (83%) |
Rate: Group E: 3 (15%) Group C: 6 (26%) Included: Traumatic arthritis and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury (Group E); DVT, traumatic arthritis, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury (Group C) |
Group E: experimental group receiving 3D printing assisted surgery; Group C: control group receiving traditional surgery; ∗standard deviation was calculated based on available information.