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. 2021 Aug 26;16(4):789–797. doi: 10.1007/s11701-021-01291-8

Table 4.

BSE mean score at Stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 (N = 13)

Variable Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
BSE Survey Sum Scorea 8.31 10.05 27.0 1.63 39.23 8.56

BSE between-Stages Effectiveness

aScore is calculated as the sum of responses on 11 items with possible range from 0 to 55. Response choices include *0 = (Novice) No Confidence or No Comfort, 1 = Uncomfortable or unconfident, 2 = Slightly uncomfortable or slightly unconfident, 3 = Comfortable or Confident, 4 = Very comfortable or very confident, 5 = (Expert) Extremely comfortable or extremely confident