Table 1.
Characteristics of fracture and non-fracture cohorts, Ontario, 2011 to 2015
| Clinical characteristics | Full fracture cohort n (%) |
Matched fracture cohort n (%) |
Matched non-fracture cohort n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 115,776 | 101,773 | 101,773 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 83,690 (72.3%) | 74,557 (73.3%) | 74,557 (73.3%) |
| Male | 32,086 (27.7%) | 27,216 (26.7%) | 27,216 (26.7%) |
| Age | |||
| Mean ± SDa | 80.41 ± 8.28 | 80.25 ± 8.37* | 80.33 ± 8.75* |
| Median (IQR)a | 81 (74-87) | 81 (73-87) | 81 (73-87) |
| 66-–70 years | 17,998 (15.5%) | 16,672 (16.4%) | 16,672 (16.4%) |
| 71–75 years | 17,847 (15.4%) | 15,996 (15.7%) | 15,996 (15.7%) |
| 76–80 years | 20,596 (17.8%) | 17,952 (17.6%) | 17,952 (17.6%) |
| 81–85 years | 24,119 (20.8%) | 20,584 (20.2%) | 20,584 (20.2%) |
| ≥ 86 years | 35,216 (30.4%) | 30,569 (30.0%) | 30,569 (30.0%) |
| Respiratory conditionsb | |||
| Asthma | 17,538 (15.1%) | 13,113 (12.9%) | 13,113 (12.9%) |
| COPD | 33,485 (28.9%) | 25,991 (25.5%) | 25,991 (25.5%) |
| Inflammatory conditionsb | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 4459 (3.9%) | 2208 (2.2%) | 2208 (2.2%) |
| Psoriasis | 8076 (7.0%) | 4985 (4.9%) | 4985 (4.9%) |
| Spondyloarthritis | 5084 (4.4%) | 2432 (2.4%) | 2432 (2.4%) |
| Cancerb | 8390 (7.2%) | 5166 (5.1%) | 5166 (5.1%) |
| Chronic kidney diseaseb | 13,757 (11.9%) | 8909 (8.8%) | 8909 (8.8%) |
| Diabetesb | 35,434 (30.6%) | 29,074 (28.6%) | 29,074 (28.6%) |
| Vascular eventsb | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 8175 (7.1%) | 4549 (4.5%) | 4549 (4.5%) |
| Stroke or cerebrovascular event | 35,030 (30.3%) | 28,015 (27.5%) | 28,015 (27.5%) |
| Osteoarthritisb | 88,223 (76.2%) | 77,526 (76.2%) | 77,526 (76.2%) |
| Dementiab | 24,092 (20.8%) | 18,359 (18.0%) | 18,359 (18.0%) |
| Osteoporosis treatment type within 1 year priora,c | |||
| Any treatment | 32,757 (28.3%) | 28,974 (28.5%)** | 21,179 (20.8%)** |
| Denosumab | 1578 (1.4%) | 1383 (1.4%)** | 1088 (1.1%)** |
| Bisphosphonate | 29,030 (25.1%) | 25,626 (25.2%)** | 17,720 (17.4%)** |
| Raloxifene | 656 (0.6%) | 599 (0.6%)** | 465 (0.5%)** |
| HRT | 3597 (3.1%) | 3259 (3.2%) | 3312 (3.3%) |
| Index fracture by sitea,d | |||
| Hip | 31,613 (27.3%) | 26,963 (26.5%) | – |
| Wrist | 17,859 (15.4%) | 16,467 (16.2%) | – |
| Clavicle/ribs/sternum | 14,559 (12.6%) | 12,630 (12.4%) | – |
| Humerus | 13,237 (11.4%) | 11,756 (11.6%) | – |
| Tibia/fibula/knee | 10,894 (9.4%) | 9859 (9.7%) | – |
| Pelvis | 8328 (7.2%) | 7209 (7.1%) | – |
| Vertebral | 7721 (6.7%) | 6595 (6.5%) | – |
| Radius/ulna | 4828 (4.2%) | 4377 (4.3%) | – |
| Multisite | 3735 (3.2%) | 3299 (3.2%) | – |
| Femur | 3002 (2.6%) | 2618 (2.6%) | – |
| Fragility fracture treatment locationa | |||
| Urban | 103,720 (89.6%) | – | – |
| Rural | 10,626 (9.2%) | – | – |
| Missing | 1430 (1.2%) | – | – |
| Fragility fracture treatment location typea | |||
| Large community | 80,638 (69.7%) | – | – |
| Small community | 6324 (5.5%) | – | – |
| Teaching | 27,380 (23.6%) | – | – |
| Missing | 1434 (1.2%) | – | – |
Values reported as n (%) unless otherwise indicated, percent of total respective cohort
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 statistical significance between fracture cohort and non-fracture cohort
aVariable not used for matching
bTime frame for cancer was 5 years within index date and for all other comorbidities any time prior to index date
cDispensed within 1 year of index date. Bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, or zoledronic acid
dIndex fragility fracture cases from January 1, 2011 to March 31, 2015
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HRT hormone replacement therapy, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation