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. 2021 Aug 25;11:17184. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96215-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Figure. 1 — A phylogeny traces the origin and trajectory of movements (anagenetic events in dark blue) and pinpoints diversification and speciation events (cladogenetic events in red). Biogeographic processes (dashed boxes) are exemplified into the presented clone phylogeny of one primary and four metastases: (i) genetic divergence: diversification within an area, (ii) extinction: lineage disappears from an area, (iii) genetic divergence and expansion: diversification within an area, and then dispersal to a new area, and (iv) genetic divergence and distant dispersal: dispersal to a new area, and then lineages’ divergence. Tumor clones are colored based on the source of tumor site: primary (green), and metastases M1 (blue), M2 (pink), M3 (gray), and M4 (brown).