Table 4.

Salivary cytokines in stroke patients and healthy controls.

Salivary biomarker	NWS					SWS
	Control n = 25		Stroke n = 25		p value	Control n = 25		Stroke n = 25		p value
	Mean ± SD	95% CI	Mean ± SD	95% CI		Mean ± SD	95% CI	Mean ± SD	95% CI
TNF-α
Concentration (pg/mL)	11.72 ± 3.503	10.27–13.16	27.93 ± 6.021	25.44–30.41	< 0.0001	4.02 ± 0.6272	3.761–4.279	6.776 ± 0.8391	6.43–7.122	< 0.0001
Output (pg/min)	3.731 ± 1.181	3.244–4.218	11.07 ± 7.472	7.989–14.16	< 0.0001	3.649 ± 1.189	3.158–4.14	3.947 ± 1.768	3.217–4.677	0.4884
Specific amount (ng/mg protein)	9.846 ± 3.591	8.364–11.33	26.63 ± 11.21	22–31.25	< 0.0001	3.106 ± 0.5689	2.871–3.341	7.702 ± 2.53	6.658–8.746	< 0.0001
IL-6
Concentration (pg/mL)	15.81 ± 3.715	14.28–17.34	29.27 ± 9.684	25.28–33.27	< 0.0001	6.996 ± 0.8605	6.64–7.351	11.3 ± 1.065	10.86–11.74	< 0.0001
Output (pg/min)	5.213 ± 1.863	4.443–5.982	11.68 ± 8.251	8.27–15.08	0.0004	6.37 ± 2.004	5.543–7.197	6.487 ± 2.655	5.391–7.583	0.8614
Specific amount (ng/mg protein)	13.27 ± 3.674	11.75–14.79	26.89 ± 9.536	22.95–30.82	< 0.0001	5.449 ± 1.094	4.997–5.9	12.8 ± 3.838	11.21–14.38	< 0.0001
IL-10
Concentration (pg/mL)	3.934 ± 0.7284	3.634–4.235	2.078 ± 0.8456	1.728–2.427	< 0.000	0.5012 ± 0.07068	0.4721–0.5304	0.1753 ± 0.085	0.1402–0.2104	< 0.0001
Output (pg/min)	0.4502 ± 0.1308	0.3962–0.5042	0.09977 ± 0.05173	0.07842–0.1211	0.0031	1.287 ± 0.3666	1.136–1.438	0.8238 ± 0.6476	0.5564–1.091	< 0.0001
Specific amount (ng/mg protein)	3.303 ± 0.8475	2.953–3.653	1.927 ± 0.9295	1.543–2.31	< 0.0001	0.3881 ± 0.07196	0.3584–0.4178	0.2015 ± 0.1105	0.1559–0.2471	< 0.0001
TNF-α/IL-10
Ratio	3.119 ± 1.285	2.588–3.649	18.96 ± 17.54	11.71–26.2	< 0.0001	8.186 ± 1.776	7.452–8.919	58.24 ± 56.44	34.94–81.54	< 0.0001
IL-6/IL-10
Ratio	4.156 ± 1.28	3.627–4.684	19.88 ± 22.59	10.56–29.21	0.0011	14.33 ± 3.247	12.99–15.67	95.8 ± 86.71	60.01–131.6	< 0.0001

TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6 interleukin 6, IL-10 interleukin 10.