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. 2021 Aug 25;11:17168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96474-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not perhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-021-00334-8mitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Slower conduction velocity and altered OAP parameters in Na_V1.5 KO iPSC-CMs. (A) Representative optical action potentials (OAPs) recorded in control and Na_V1.5 KO iPSC-CMs monolayers using di-4-ANEPPS dye. Blue arrows at the beginning and at the end of the pulse train indicate the cumulative delay of OAPs activation in Na_V1.5 KO recording. (B) Representative activation maps at a pacing of 1 Hz. The symbol indicating the position of stimulating electrodes, and □ showing the position of the representative recordings. (C) Bar graphs summarizing the CVs, (D) the rise time, (E,F) action potential durations at 50 % or 80 % of repolarization and (G) the normalized amplitude of OAPs measured at stimulation frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz in control (n = 9) and Na_V1.5 KO (n = 7–9) iPSC-CM monolayers. Bars indicate SEM. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (control vs. Na_V1.5 KO) as determined using unpaired t-test. A replicate (n) represents a single monolayer of iPSC-CMs on which optical mapping was performed. This figure was made using MICROSOFT POWERPOINT Version 2106 (build 14131.20278 Office, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/) and PRISM 8 Version 8.0.2 (263, https://www.graphpad.com/).

Inline graphic — Slower conduction velocity and altered OAP parameters in Na_V1.5 KO iPSC-CMs. (A) Representative optical action potentials (OAPs) recorded in control and Na_V1.5 KO iPSC-CMs monolayers using di-4-ANEPPS dye. Blue arrows at the beginning and at the end of the pulse train indicate the cumulative delay of OAPs activation in Na_V1.5 KO recording. (B) Representative activation maps at a pacing of 1 Hz. The symbol indicating the position of stimulating electrodes, and □ showing the position of the representative recordings. (C) Bar graphs summarizing the CVs, (D) the rise time, (E,F) action potential durations at 50 % or 80 % of repolarization and (G) the normalized amplitude of OAPs measured at stimulation frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Hz in control (n = 9) and Na_V1.5 KO (n = 7–9) iPSC-CM monolayers. Bars indicate SEM. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (control vs. Na_V1.5 KO) as determined using unpaired t-test. A replicate (n) represents a single monolayer of iPSC-CMs on which optical mapping was performed. This figure was made using MICROSOFT POWERPOINT Version 2106 (build 14131.20278 Office, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/) and PRISM 8 Version 8.0.2 (263, https://www.graphpad.com/).