Table 1.

Summary of the major extracellular vesicle subtypes and their characteristics

Subtypes	Size (nm)	Density (g/mL)	Biogenesis	Markers
Exosomes	50-150	1.13-1.19	Endosomal pathway	Tetraspanins, TSG101, Alix
Microvesicles	150-1000	1.16-1.19	Direct budding from cytoplasmic membrane	Annexin A1, selectins, integrins, cell-specific markers (e.g., platelet CD154)
Apoptotic bodies	100-5000	1.16-1.28	Apoptosis	Annexin V, thrombospondin, C3b
Enveloped virus	80-400	1.16-1.18	Plasma membrane budding, endosomal pathway	Viral-encoded proteins, viral RNA
Exomeres	30-50	-	Unknown	Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), HSPA13